User:Leebatharushon/sandbox

The heart of the fermentation or bioprocess technology is the Fermentor or Bioreactor. A bioreactor is basically a device in which the organisms are cultivated to form the desired products. it is a containment system designed to give right environment for optimal growth and metabolic activity of the organism. A fermentor usually refers to the containment system for the cultivation of prokaryotic cells, while a bioreactor grows the eukaryotic cells (mammalian, insect cells, etc).

Different types of bioreactor
Continuous Stirred Tank Bioreactor Up and down agitation Bioreactor Airlift Bioreactor Fluidized Bed Bioreactor Packed Bed Bioreactor Photobioreactor

Continuous Stirred Tank Bioreactor
The continuous flow stirred-tank reactor (CSTR), also known as vat- or backmix reactor, is a common ideal reactor type in chemical engineering. A CSTR often refers to a model used to estimate the key unit operation variables when using a continuous[†] agitated-tank reactor to reach a specified output. The mathematical model works for all fluids: liquids, gases, and slurries. Most of the times the stirred tank impeller causes more stress to the growing cells and it also leads to flooding in the bioreactor which leads to poor supply of oxygen to the cells.

Up and down agitation Bioreactor
Up and down agitators are useful to avoid shear stress to the cells. These are done by instead of a traditional propeller agitator, which requires an expensive motor and magnetic coupling. Vertical up and down motion is achieved by a motor together with an inexpensive membrane perfectly assure sterility and produce an efficient mixing without formation of a vortex (no baffles needed). At the same time this type of mixing is gentler on cells and produces less foam. Novel biomimicking “fish-tail” stirring discs offer maximum mixing efficiency without cutting edges.

Airlift Bioreactor
Air-lift bioreactors are similar to bubble column reactors, but differ by the fact that they contain a draft tube. The draft tube is always an inner tube (this kind of air-lift bioreactor is called "air-lift bioreactor with an internal loop) or an external tube (this kind of air-lift bioreactor is called "air-lift bioreactor with an external loop) which improves circulation and oxygen transfer and equalizes shear forces in the reactor.

Fluidizd bed bioreactor
A fluidized bed reactor (FBR) is a type of reactor device that can be used to carry out a variety of multiphase chemical reactions. In this type of reactor, a fluid (gas or liquid) is passed through a granular solid material (usually a catalyst possibly shaped as tiny spheres) at high enough velocities to suspend the solid and cause it to behave as though it were a fluid. This process, known as fluidization, imparts many important advantages to the FBR. As a result, the fluidized bed reactor is now used in many industrial applications.

Packed Bed Bioreactor
In packed bed reactors, cells are immobilized on large particles. These particles do not move with the liquid. Packed bed reactors are simple to construct and operate but can suffer from blockages and from poor oxygen transfer.

Photobioreactor
A photobioreactor (PBR) is a bioreactor which incorporates some type of light source. Virtually any translucent container could be called a PBR, however the term is more commonly used to define a closed system, as opposed to an open tank or pond. Photobioreactors are used to grow small phototrophic organisms such as cyanobacteria, algae, or moss plants. These organisms use light through photosynthesis as their energy source and do not require sugars or lipids as energy source. Consequently, risk of contamination with other organisms like bacteria or fungi is lower in photobioreactors when compared to bioreactors for heterotroph organisms. .