User:Lena M Ali/sandbox

Article evaluation

I am evaluating CRISPR article

1- Is everything in the article relevant to the article topic? Is there anything that distracted you?

Yest everything was relevant to the topic it describes the use for gene editing and many important information

2- Is any information out of date? Is anything missing that could be added?

yes, in 1987 researcher cloned crisper with iap gene in Osaka University. I do not think there are anything missing the article is well-writtin

3- What else could be improved?

it would be outstanding if they add information about Cas9 inhibitor

4-Is the article neutral? Are there any claims that appear heavily biased toward a particular position?

No i don't think so

5- Are there viewpoints that are overrepresented, or underrepresented

everything is understandable

6- Check a few citations. Do the links work? Does the source support the claims in the article?

yes they work and every links related to the article.

7-Is each fact referenced with an appropriate, reliable reference? Where does the information come from? Are these neutral sources? If biased, is that bias noted?

yes, it is reliable references. from scientific articles and the sources where from different journal

8- What kinds of conversations, if any, are going on behind the scenes about how to represent this topic?

one of the wikipedian said there are lack of citation and there are two important articles should be cited.

9-How is the article rated? Is it a part of any WikiProjects?

The article has been rated as B-Class, yes it is wikiprojects for Molecular Genetics, Molecular And Cell Biology, Microbiology, Computational Biology and Transhumanism.

I added information on Ribosomal pause article and i cited :

Two techniques can localize the ribosomal pause site in vivo; a micrococcal nuclease protection assay and isolation of polysomal transcript, by taking the tissue that is extracted through a sucrose cushion including the translation elongation inhabit it and centrifuge it.

Three references about ribosomal pause :

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC454858/pdf/emboj00148-0248.pdf

http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/372/1716/20160183

https://mcb.asm.org/content/20/4/1095.full

Benefit of ribosome pausing:

By the time, the ribosome movement on the mRNA is not a liner, and the ribosome got paused at different regions with unknown reason. The ribosome pause position will help to identify the mRNA sequence features and structure and the transacting factor that modulate this process(Wolin & Walter, 1988).

Location of ribosome pause:

Ribosomal pause usually happened at the slippery site in vitro. Also, the ribosome got paused if the pseudoknot is disrupted. 10% of the ribosome pause at the pseudoknot and 4% of the ribosomes are terminated. Before the ribosome obstructed it passes the pseudoknot. (Somogyi et al., 1993)

Ribosome profiling:

Ribosome profiling: is a method that sequence the ribosome protected fragment to reveal the occupancy of mRNA. The ribosome profiling has the ability to reveal the ribosome pause sites in the whole transcriptome, and when the kinetics layer added, it discloses the time of the pause, and the translation take place. (Brar et al., 2012)

Others:

The ribosome pausing can be detected during preprolactin synthesis on free polysomes when the ribosome get paused the other ribosomes are tightly stacked together.When the ribosome pause while the translation takes place, the fragments that started to translate before the pause happens is over presented. However, along with the mRNA if the ribosome paused specific bands will be improved ( in the trailing edge of the ribosome) (Wolin & Walter, 1988)

Some of the elongation inhibitors such as cycloheximide (in eukaryotes) or chloramphenicol cause the ribosomal pause and accumulate at the start codons. EFP factor regulates the ribosomal pause at polyproline in bacteria, when there is no EFP the density of ribosome decrease from the polyproline motifs, if there are too much pauses the EFP won't resolve it. (Brar et al., 2012)

References :

Brar, G. A., Yassour, M., Friedman, N., Regev, A., Ingolia, N. T., & Weissman, J. S. (2012). High-resolution view of the yeast meiotic program revealed by ribosome profiling. Science (New York, N.Y.), 335(6068), 552–557. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1215110

Somogyi, P., Jenner, A. J., Brierley, I., Inglis, S. C., Freeman, B., & Hinnebusch, A. G. (1993). Ribosomal pausing during translation of an RNA pseudoknot. Molecular and Cellular Biology, 13(11), 6931–6940. https://doi.org/10.1128/mcb.20.4.1095-1103.2000

Wolin, S. L., & Walter, P. (1988). Ribosome pausing and stacking during translation of a eukaryotic mRNA.; Ribosome pausing and stacking during translation of a eukaryotic mRNA. The EMBO Journal (Vol. 7). https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb03233.x