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Media Ages
Scholars of mass media and communication often characterize the evolution of mass media in stages. Typically, these stages are distinguished by the technological advancements of the era.

Pre-Industrial Age
The earliest known printed book is the ancient Buddhist text The Diamond Sutra, which dates back to the year 868 AD and was printed using clay type. The first movable clay type was used throughout China by 1041. During the Middle Ages, wooden type was used throughout Europe but, like clay type, the carvings and impressions wore down quickly, This problem was solved in 1440 with the invention of the metal printing press by Johannes Gutenberg.

Industrial Age
The typewriter can be traced back to 1714, when the English inventor Henry Mill received a patent for the first known typewritter. The first commercially successful typewriter was not produced until 1874, and the first electric typewriter was released in the 1930s. In 1923, the first news magazine,TIME, premiered. With the invention of the radio in 1894 and television in 1920, mainstream culture had entered what is known as the Golden Age for Television, Radio, and Cinema by the early 1900s.

Electronic Age
With the 1940s came the introduction of community antenna television (CATV) and early cable systems. In 1960, we had the rise of FM Radio and in 1963 audio cassette tapes were released. Email was created in 1972 and a year later the first handheld mobile phone was introduced.