User:Leontiena/sandbox

'''Hi. The first draft of the Wikipedia page on the Dutch textbook "Leerboek der Algemeene Plantkunde" is compiled in Lars' sandbox: User:Litt.wiki/sandbox'''

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! By writing this textbook, the authors provided a contemporary textbook about botany in the Dutch language which could be used by students.

''Schoute's intro: during and after linnaeus, a lot of nomenclature and taxonomy. book was split into 2 to make sure mildly curious people didn't have to buy both part 1&2, they could just skip part 2 if it was too intensive. volume 1 contains shapes and "shapechanges" (reproduction maybe or something) and volume 2 contains functions. authors expect that vol2 needs to have a second edition earlier than 1 because specially science discussed in 2 is rapidly changing. linnaeus and co. started with the field of systematics based on external morphology which is still important but now anatomy and chemical processes also form a basis for taxonomy. (schoute says that gene comparison would be great for taxonomy but it will probably take a looong while for that science to start). other stuff related to systematics is plantgeography, ecology, plant sociology, palaeobotany, microbio etc etc etc.''

actual text that isn't notes:

Volume 1
The first volume of the Textbook of General Botany contains the descriptive part of the textbook. It was written by E. Reinders, J. C. Schoute, and Th. J. Stomps and published in 1943. This volume discusses the external morphology of plants, their cytology, histology and anatomy, and reproduction.

Morphology
After introducing the field of morphology and describing and defining organs and their development, Schoute discusses and compares the organs of Thallophytes, Bryophytes, and Tracheophytes. The book then focuses on the morphology of vascular plants in more detail. This chapter about vascular plant morphology goes into detail about the characteristics of the stem, root system, leaves, and sporangia, and the development and plasticity of these organs. Schoute also discusses how these connect to and interact with each other. Lastly, the chapter describes plant organs that the author deems to be less essential than the aforementioned organs, including flowers, seeds, fruits, and strobili.

Cytology
The textbook first describes general characteristics and functions of the cell and its organelles. The cell structures discussed are the cell wall, cell membrane, plastids, vacuole, and nucleus. The mechanisms of cell wall lignification and mitosis and the involvement of chlorophyll in carbon assimilation inside the chloroplasts are briefly described as well. Furthermore, Stomps describes fusion of somatic cells, the formation of new cells through cell division, the development of the egg cell, and the shapes of different types of cells.

Histology and anatomy
The chapter on histology mainly focuses on different plant tissues. Characteristics, function, and location of various plant tissues are discussed, including parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma, stoma, and secondary growth tissue such as cork. Additionally, it describes the role of plasmodesmata and poses that a plant should thus be seen as a natural unit, rather than a collection of cells. The chapter on anatomy introduces the epidermis, cortex, and stele, and the way structures like these are found in organs such as stems and roots. The stems of dicotyledons and gymnosperms are then discussed in detail; the primary growth and the development of secondary xylem and phloem are discussed, as well as their functions in the stem. The structure of the stem of monocotyledons, the root system, and leaves are discussed as well. Reinders also briefly describes anomalous secondary growth and theories about stele development and evolution.

Reproduction
The chapters about plant reproduction describe sexual and asexual reproduction, the involvement of spores during fertilisation and formation of spores during meiosis. Stomps explains the process of pollination, touching on aspects of this mechanism such as the connection between chromosomes and sex, the transfer of male cells to female cells, and the role of fruits and seeds in propagation. The apogamy of ferns, describing the development of a fern sporophyte from a gametophyte by parthenogenesis, is briefly discussed as well.

NOTES:

Cell differentiation happens phylogenetically or ontogenetically

The book discusses theories about the evolution of plants as well. Examples of this are the discussion of the steletheory, and theories about the phylogeny of organs of Thallophytes and vascular plants. Mentioning evolution makes sense because evolution was already being taught in schools at that time.

(In general?) The textbook compares the anatomy and development of vascular plants with Thallophytes, providing examples of Bryophyte, fungus, and [fill in] species.

the book doesn't mention the central dogma or RNA, while still referring to chemicals from the nucleus which influence cell processes greatly.

discuss, examine, describe, consider, define,