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A Council of People's Commissars was a from of governance developed by the Bolsheviks during their seizure of power in the October Revolution, 1917. At first it was formed as a temporary measure until the Constituent Assembly could be held. However, the Bolsheviks suppressed the Constituent Assembly. With the foundation of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic at the Fifth All-Russian Congress of Soviets, the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR was formalised. Following this various Councils of People's Commissars were formed in the fluid situation of the Russian Civil War. With the formation of the Soviet Union in 1922 the Councils of People's Commissars were given a clearer role in the emerging state. The Council of People's Commissars of the Soviet Union was formed on 6 July 1923 by the All-Russian Central Executive Committee.

The original Council of People's Commissars
The street action and the storming of the Winter Palace, seat of the provisional government took place to coincide with the opening of the Second All-Russian Congress of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies' Soviets on the morning of. It was at this congress that the first Council of People's Commissars was established, even though its actual remit of jurisdiction had not yet been determined. The Bolsheviks had a majority at this congress, and 70 Right Socialist Revolutionaries and Mensheviks walked out in protest at the coup which was then in progress. The decree, published on, stated that the Council of People's Commissars was a "temporary workers' and peasant government" that would last "until the convocation of the Constituent Assembly". It laid out how various People's Commissariats would be established to management of different branches of state life. Their composition was meant to ensure the implementation of the program proclaimed by the Second Congress, "in close union with the mass organisations of workers, women workers, sailors, soldiers, peasants and employees".

Councils of People's Commissars

 * Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic – Council of People's Commissars of Azerbaijan