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Biology

Intersex is when a baby is born into the world, it has with different parts of their body that doesn’t match the common gender norms which is male or female. This happens to only about 0.05% to 1.7% of people in the world. Intersex comes from having irregular chromosomes and hormones. When people think of intersex they usually associate it with things like Turner Syndrome and gonadal dysgenesis among others. Usually women chromosomes are XX and male chromosomes XY means that it’s a boy. People who are born intersex have an extra chromosome, so they are XXY. With people who are born intersex they usually don’t discover their traits till they’re in teenage years. About 2000 babies are born intersex every year.

Doctors and Surgery

When babies are born intersex, doctors are concerned about how the kids would grow up psychologically. They try to put a lot of pressure on the parents to give the babies surgery to normalize them and they make it seem like being intersex is a problem. They give them false lies. Even if you give the baby surgery their traits from being intersex can still appear once they get older and that can mess with them psychically, emotionally, and in other ways. People want to wait for the kids to grow up to give permission if they want to get the surgery or not. Which they should be able to have the option because if you do the surgery and you leave them with some genitalia that they don’t want to have versus what they actually wanted.

History

The first person who was intersex name M. Crawford won the first ever settlement in the US. What had happened in this case was that they gave the surgery without consent. There was a doctor who thought that the intersex surgery conditions weren’t right. His name was Dr. John Mooney and he was one of the first to ever bring it up. He was known for his papers in the 1950s and 60s that showed what can happen in the future from the surgeries of intersex infants. There was a hospital called Gender Identity Clinic which was also started by John Hopkins Hospital. They fixed the genital corrections of the infants.

Human rights standards

The UN Treaty Monitoring Bodies have been talking with intersex people who have been in institutions to be “fixed”. These are some of their recommendations on how to intervene and make intersex people human rights right. Some of the rights they wanted are states to make sure that everybody bodies are treated how they want to and especially intersex children. Protect intersex people from any harm and genital mutilation. Make states pass a law to stop surgery and anything medical on intersex children, the only way it should be a way is if it’s an emergency for the child sake. No treatment on intersex children that is not by a professional. People who are intersex will be respected with their personal data contained and not brought out. These all come from human rights institutions that want the same thing for intersex people.

Gender Identity

People find out the gender of their baby once they are far along enough during the pregnancy for the doctor to tell them. Sometimes people wait to be surprised of the birth and wait until they baby actually is born to know if it is a boy or a girl. There often disorders that happens with sexual identity which can vary from physical or mental. Gender Identity Disorder comes from Dr. Kenneth Zucker from Toronto. Gender Identity Disorder is when the person think that they are born with the wrong sex. For example, a girl is born but feels that she is a man or vice versa. When they feel like this they tend to take on the roles of the sex they feel like.

Van Meter, Quentin L. “Gender Identity Issues in Children and Adolescents.” Issues in Law & Medicine, vol. 31, no. 2, 2016, pp. 235–240.

CARPENTER, MORGAN. “Intersex Variations, Human Rights, and the International Classification of Diseases.” Health & Human Rights: An International Journal, vol. 20, no. 2, Dec. 2018, pp. 205–214. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=sih&AN=133554021&site=ehost-live&scope=site.

LOWRY, CAROLINE. “Intersex in 2018: Evaluating the Limitations of Informed Consent in Medical Malpractice Claims as a Vehicle for Gender Justice.” Columbia Journal of Law & Social Problems, vol. 52, no. 2, Winter 2019, pp. 321–356. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=i3h&AN=134160434&site=ehost-live&scope=site.

CABRERA, CRISTIAN GONZÁLEZ. “The Role of International Human Rights Law in Mediating between the Rights of Parents and Their Children Born with Intersex Traits in the United States.” William & Mary Journal of Women & the Law, vol. 24, no. 3, Spring 2018, pp. 459–511. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=i3h&AN=129413636&site=ehost-live&scope=site.