User:Limebug29/sandbox/Marshall B. Ketchum University

Established in 1904, Marshall B. Ketchum University (MBKU) is home to one of the oldest optometry schools in the U.S., the Southern California College of Optometry (SCCO). The flagship college began in Los Angeles and moved to its current location in Fullerton in 1973. MBKU is the third oldest optometric program in operation. Today, MBKU is home to the Southern California College of Optometry and School of Physician Assistant Studies. MBKU plans to add a College of Pharmacy with the first class starting in Fall 2016.

Marshall B. Ketchum University owns and operates two premier eye and vision care centers – University Eye Center at Fullerton located on its campus in Fullerton, CA, and University Eye Center at Los Angeles located on Broadway at Martin Luther King Boulevard near downtown Los Angeles.

Accreditations Accreditation-Provisional is an accreditation status. The status indicates that the plans and resource allocation for the proposed program appear to demonstrate the program's ability to meet the ARC-PA Standards, if fully implemented as planned. Accreditation-Provisional does not ensure any subsequent accreditation status. It is limited to no more than five years from matriculation of the first class.
 * Marshall B. Ketchum University:  Western Association of Schools and Colleges (WASC).
 * Southern California College of Optometry:  Accreditation Council on Optometric Education (ACOE) of the American Optometric Association.
 * School of Physician Assistant Studies:  The ARC-PA has granted Accreditation-Provisional status to the Marshall B. Ketchum University Physician Assistant Program.

Founder Biography
Marshall Bidwell Ketchum, M.D. was born in Canada in 1856 and became a pharmacist in Canada after many years of studying. Dr. Ketchum wanted to further his education, so he traveled to the United States to study medicine. He eventually became a faculty member at Nebraska’s Lincoln Medical College teaching medicine to aspiring young doctors, eventually transitioning to conducting the Lincoln Optical College from 1896-1903. After his time at Lincoln Optical College, Ketchum moved to Los Angeles and started the Los Angeles School of Ophthalmology and Optometry in March 1904. This was an exciting time for the profession of optometry, as it was just beginning to develop into a distinct profession separate from general medicine. For many years, Ketchum worked tirelessly to develop the program and merge several schools into the College, which became non-profit in 1938. Ketchum served as president of the College until 1920.

Dr. Ketchum was an esteemed member of the medical community during his time, and was an early leader of the profession of optometry. Ketchum strived to create a college with the highest possible quality of education and felt that practitioners of optometry had a deep responsibility to the community and individual patient’s visual needs. Ketchum was among the early pioneers of optometry, advocating the use of the retinoscope to determine refractive status of the eye. He is well-known for his book, “Ketchum’s Lessons on the Eye”, published in 1920, that details not only anatomy of the eye, but details on the medical practice of early optometry.

In April 1937, Dr. Ketchum passed away, and the Marshall B. Ketchum, M.D. Memorial Library was established in his memory later that year. Dr. Ketchum was also awarded SCCO Centennial Honoree in 2004. In 2013, due to an outgrowth and expansion of the educational offerings of the 109-year-old Southern California College of Optometry, Marshall B. Ketchum University was established and named in Ketchum's honor to recognize his dedication to developing interprofessional education. The first program to be added was the School of Physician Assistant Studies, which opened in 2014 and was the first school for physician assistants in Orange County.

History
Marshall B. Ketchum, M.D. founded the Los Angeles Medical School of Ophthalmology and Optometry in March of 1904 in Los Angeles, CA. In 1906, the name of the school was changed to the Los Angeles Optical College and Post Graduate School of Opticians and moved to downtown Los Angeles. In 1908, the school affiliated with the Southern California Eye College to make the Southern California College of Optometry and Ophthalmology. At the time, two degrees were conferred by the school, Doctor of Optometry for a six-month term ($75 tuition) and a Doctor of Ophthalmology and Optometry for an eight month term ($100 tuition). During the early 1920's, the faculty worked to develop a standard curriculum and expanded the program to two years. In 1928, the school became affiliated with the University of Southern California (USC). During this time, there weredebates about scope of practice, the program's curriculum and degree earned, and optometry licensing. In 1933, the school split from USC and once again became the Los Angeles School of Optometry. The school began a rebuilding phase after the split from USC by strengthening its curriculum and building a program for Optometric Assistants (which wasn't successfully implemented until 1973). After WWII, a flood of applicants forced class sizes to increase and administration to look for a larger campus. In 1948, the school became the Los Angeles College of Optometry and moved to a larger campus at 950 West Jefferson in Los Angeles, CA. After many years of growth and development, the search for a larger campus resulted in developing a new Fullerton campus in the early 1970's. During this time the college also underwent a name change to Southern California College of Optometry under the leadership of Richard L. Hopping, O.D. The College officially moved to 2575 Yorba Linda Blvd., Fullerton, CA 92831 in in 1973.

Brief Overview of Name Changes

 * 1904 - Los Angeles Medical School of Opthalmology and Optometry
 * 1906 - Los Angeles Optical College and Post Graduate School of Opticians
 * 1909 - Southern California College of Optometry and Ophthalmology
 * 1911 - Los Angeles Medical School of Ophthalmology and Optometry
 * 1922 - Los Angeles School of Optometry
 * 1928 - The School became a part of USC
 * 1933 - Los Angeles School of Optometry
 * 1948 - Los Angeles College of Optometry
 * 1972 - Southern California College of Optometry
 * 2013 - Marshall B. Ketchum University

Emergence of SCCO to MBKU
After many months of planning and building the Physician Assistant Program, Marshall B. Ketchum University officially became the home of both the Southern California College of Optometry (SCCO) and School of Physicians Assistant Studies on July 1, 2013. The University was named after founder of the optometric institution in 1904, the change to a university structure addresses the growing demand for highly skilled health care professionals. Kevin Alexander, O.D., Ph.D., was named president of the University. Stanley Woo, O.D., joined the University as the Dean of Optometry, while SCCO's John Nishimoto, O.D., M.B.A. assumed the position of Vice President of Interprofessional Affairs. The core group responsible for creating the PA program included: Medical Director Daniel May, M.D., Clinical Coordinator Don Ragsdale, MPAS, PA-C, and Associate Professor, Assistant Dean, Founding Director of the School of Physician Assistant Studies Teresa Thetford, PA-C, RNP, MS.

Dr. Alexander, who started at SCCO in 2008, has been leading an effort towards moving SCCO towards interprofessional education (IPE). IPE is an innovative model for delivering high quality primary health care with the idea that an interprofessional, team-based approach to health care delivers not only better patient care, but also improves educational value for the next generation of health care providers. Under the leadership of Dr. Alexander, the University has been working to add additional health professional programs, such as physician assistant program and a planned pharmacy program, to create an IPE environment. The University's goal is to create a campus with team-based care model of health care delivery to prepare students for the future of health care. The school first planned on creating the physician assistant program (which began Fall 2014), followed by the planned pharmacy program (to begin Fall 2016).

Southern California College of Optometry
The Southern California College of Optometry (SCCO) is a 4-year post-baccalaureate program leading to the degree, Doctor of Optometry (O.D), accredited by Accreditation Council on Optometric Education (ACOE) of the American Optometric Association. During the first year, students spend most of their time in lectures and labs learning basic sciences (including optics, biomedical sciences, and visual sciences) and introductory clinical procedures. Throughout the year, first-year students will have observation hours in clinic as an introduction to patient care. During the second year, students will have more advanced lectures in visual science and spend time learning and perfecting clinical procedures. Students will slowly be eased into seeing patients in the University Eye Center (UEC) in order to prepare them for clinic third and fourth year. Third-year students spend half their time in lecture and the other half in patient care under the supervision of clinical faculty. Lecture topics are more advanced include courses in contact lenses, vision therapy, diseases of the eye, ocular pharmacology, clinical optometry and public health. The final year (Fourth year) consists of four 3-month rotations as part of the Outreach Clinical Program. One clinical rotation is in specialty services at the UEC and the other three rotations are at various off-site clinics. Students can choose from over 80 clinic sites in the U.S. and abroad.

The degree Doctor of Optometry will be awarded to students who satisfactorily complete the four-year academic and professional curriculum in optometry. Upon successful completion of the SCCO program and the NBEO examinations, graduates can apply for licensure in the U.S. or Canada.

School of Physicians Assistant Studies
The School of Physicians Assistant Studies at Marshall B. Ketchum University is a 27 month program post-baccalaureate program leading to the degree, Master of Medical Science(MMS). Physician Assistants (PAs) are health care professionals licensed to practice medicine on a team under the supervision of physicians and surgeons. As part of their comprehensive responsibilities, PAs conduct physical exams, diagnose and treat illnesses, order and interpret tests, counsel on preventive health care and assist in surgery. The School of Physicians Assistant Studies at MBKU has been granted Accreditation-Provisional status by Accreditation Review Commission on Education for the Physician Assistant, Inc (ARC-PA).

The inaugural PA class began the program in fall of 2014 with 28 students enrolled. The first year (didactic year) curriculum consists of lecture and workshops focusing on applied medical sciences, pharmacotherapeautics, clinical medicine, medical professional ethics and more. During the first year, students will have supervised patient care experiences. The second year focuses on direct patient care in a variety of health care settings. Students experience twelve 4-week clinical rotations during the year, offering diverse clinical experiences. In addition to completing the rotations, students must also complete the Master's Capstone Project in order to graduate.

Upon successfully graduating, students must pass the Physician Assistant National Certifying Exam (PANCE), a computer-based, multiple choice test, in order to become a certified PA. Successful completion of PANCE is required to apply for PA state licensure.

Master Vision Science
The Master of Vision Science (MS) is a research-based graduate degree that emphasizes hypothesis-driven research and the development of analytical skills in experimental optometry and vision science. At this University, students interested in the Master's program often pursue a combined O.D./M.S. degree. Other options include M.S. Traditional, M.S. Residency, and M.S. Part-time. The Master's program requires completion of a minimum of 60 quarter-hours of graduate credit, a cumulative graduate grade point average of at least 3.00, completion of the Master's research requirement, successful defense of the MS thesis, and submission of a final bound copy of the thesis.

Optometry Residencies
Although not required to practice optometry, residencies are great options for newly graduated optometrists to polish clinical skills and specialize in specific areas of optometry. Optometry residencies are planned program of post-O.D. clinical education that are designed to advance significantly the optometric graduate’s preparation as a provider of patient care services beyond entry level practice. Residency programs are a minimum of 12 months and include a well-designed mix of self-directed learning, seminar participation, instructional experiences, and scholarship.

SCCO began it's postdoctoral residency program in 1977 with it's first residency program in vision therapy. The program has expanded to include: Cornea & Contact Lenses, Low Vision Rehabilitation, Ocular Disease, Primary Care, or Pediatric Optometry/Vision Therapy. SCCO offers 18 residency programs with 32 residency positions in six states including California, Arizona, Nevada, New Mexico, Washington and Utah.