User:Lingster/sandbox

In English
The voiced retroflex plosive is used for /d/ (and sometimes ) by many speakers of Indian English (e.g., for "deep";  for "asked";  for "the"). This characteristic is due to the influence of Indo-Aryan and Dravidian languages, in which retroflexion is phonemic. Some speakers of American English produce words such as "border" with as an allophone of /d/, reflecting coarticulation associated with the.

In other languages
The voiced retroflex plosive is common among Dravidian and Indo-Aryan languages of South Asia. In most of these languages, aspiration is phonemic (cf. "branch",   "shield" in Hindi). The symbol [&#7693;] is commonly used by some linguists to transcribe voiced retroflex plosives; Ladefoged and Maddieson (1996) use [&#7693;] to denote a lesser degree of retroflexion viz-à-viz. The voiced retroflex plosive also occurs in some languages of Europe and Oceania (especially Australian Aboriginal languages).


 * Dravidian languages
 * Kannada
 * Malayalam
 * Tamil
 * Telugu
 * Toda


 * Indo-Aryan languages
 * Bengali
 * Gujarati
 * Hindi
 * Nepali
 * Punjabi
 * Sanskrit
 * Sindhi
 * Urdu


 * Burushaski


 * Javanese


 * Sicilian


 * Swedish and


 * Yanyuwa


 * Constructed language
 * Klingon