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Introduction While alive, Spanos conducted multiple studies that challenged common beliefs. He tried to distinguish the difference between common beliefs about hypnosis and what was actually occurring. These studies conducted by Spanos led to the modern understanding that hypnosis is not an altered state and is actually suggested behaviors that the participant chooses to go along with or not. Along with this, Spanos conducted studies regarding Dissociative Identity Disorder in which he stated that multiple personalities are not a product of trauma but are based on social norms.

Biography During this time he contributed to many different studies, one study was the idea that hypnosis is not a trance like state and the another dealt with Dissociative Identity Disorder, which tries to explain why some people have multiple personalities. Through his studies Spanos took an alternative approach to most psychologists and John Chaves and Bill Jones stated that he believed these two areas are, "rule-governed social constructions established, legitimated, and maintained through social interaction.