User:Linshee/Country names

Algeria

 * الدزَاير al-dzayir lit. "the islands"
 * ⲛⲓⲛⲏⲥⲟⲥ ninesos lit. "the islands"

Canary Islands

 * Insula Canaria lit. "island of the dogs"
 * Ynysoedd Dedwydd lit. "Fortunate Isles"

Egypt

 * ḥwt-kꜣ-ptḥ "house of the ka of Ptah; Memphis; Egypt": Αἴγυπτος Aíguptos
 * kmt "Egypt; black land": ⲕⲏⲙⲉ keme, ⲭⲏⲙⲓ khemi
 * tꜣ-mrj "Egypt; beloved land"
 * Proto-Semitic: *muṣr-ā- "Egypt": مصر miṣr; מצרים miṣráyim; מצרין miṣrēn; mṣrm; 𒈪𒄑𒊑𒄿 mi-iṣ-ri-i /Miṣriʾi/;  meṣren;  mu-d-r-a-y /Mudrāyaʰ/; 𒈬𒄑𒍝𒊑𒅀 mu-is-sa-ri-ia /Muisariya/

Eswantini

 * eSwatini "country of the Swazi people"
 * (alternate) kaNgwane "country of Ngwane (III)"

Ethiopia

 * Αἰθιοπία Aithiopíā "Ethiopia", uncertain origin
 * kꜣš "Cush": ܟܘܫ kuš
 * ḥäbäśät "Abyssinia": Habsyah; हबश habaś; Uhabeshi;
 * Siġelhearwena land "land of the sun-worshippers"

Libya

 * Λιβύη Libúē "North Africa" < *Libu, a tribal people of ancient North Africa
 * pyt "Libya": Putāyā; ⲛⲓⲫⲁⲓⲁⲧ niphaiat, ⲛⲉⲡⲁⲓⲉⲧ nepaiet; 𒁍𒌑𒂅 pu-ú-ṭu /Pūṭu/

Madagascar

 * Madageiscar < جزيرة المالائي jazīrat al-mālāʾiyy "The Island of Mālāī"
 * Bukini "land of the Malagasy"; Buki "Malagasy" < buki "vontsira" (a mongoose-like creature)

Mayotte

 * Mayotte < ميت mayyit "dead"
 * Maore: Maore < ?

Morocco

 * مراكش murrākuš "Marrakech" < ⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵏ ⴰⴽⵓⵛ amur n akuš lit. "Land of God"
 * المغرب al-maḡrib "the West"
 * Fas < فاس fās "Fez" (city)

Brazil

 * Brasil < brasil "brazilwood", lit. "ember-like"
 * Tupi: Pindorama "the land without evil", lit. "the land of the palm trees" (a mythical land known to ancient coastal Tupi peoples): Pindoráma; Nheengatu: Pindorama

Canada

 * Canada < Laurentian: kanata "village, settlement"
 * "Grandmother's (Queen Victoria's) country"

Ecuador

 * Ecuador lit. "equator"
 * Ισημερινός Isimerinós lit. "equator"

Falkland Islands

 * After Falkland Sound, itself after Viscount Falkland
 * Islas Malvinas < îles Malouines, named in 1764 such because they were occupied by soldiers from Saint-Malo, France

Greenland

 * Grǿnland lit. "green land"
 * Kalaallit Nunaat lit. "land of the Greenlanders"
 * ᐊᑯᑭᑦᑐᑦ akukittut ?

Guatemala

 * Guatemala < "Iximche" (a Kaqchikel kingdom in what is now Guatemala), lit. "woodpile place"
 * Tzʼutujil: Ixiimuleew lit. "corn country"

Martinique

 * Martinique/Martinica < lit. "island of flowers" or Matinino lit. "island of women"; influenced by Martin of Tours
 * Kalinago: Wanakaera lit. "island of iguanas"

Mexico

 * México < "Tenochtitlan"
 * Naakaii Bikéyah lit. "country of the walkers" (clq. exploradores)
 * ᎠᏂᏍᏆᏂᎢ anisquanii "?"

Puerto Rico

 * Puerto Rico lit. "rich port"
 * lit. "homeland of the people"

United States

 * Wááshindoon Bikéyah "Country of Washington"
 * 花旗 faa1 kai4 lit. "flower flag" (referring to a flag seen on a merchant ship that arrived in Canton in 1784): Hoa Kì; 花旗 Hoe-kî
 * 金山 gam1 saan1 lit. "gold mountain" (dated; referring to the Gold Rush)
 * (delete)? 米国 Beikoku lit. "rice country"
 * (delete)? 美國 Měiguó

Armenia

 * Armenia < Ἀρμενία Armenía < a-r-mi-i-n /Armina/, uncertain origin
 * Հայաստան Hayastan lit. "land of the Amernians", from հայ hay, uncertain origin.
 * Цӏамухъ Cʼamuqx; Сомех Somex, Сомих Somix, both from Old Georgian: სომეხი somexi "Armenian" < 𒆳𒋢𒄭 /Suḫmu/, an ancient country located in the upper Euphrates valley.

Bhutan

 * भुटान Bhutan < Prakrit: 𑀪𑁄𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀁𑀢 bhŏṭṭaṃta "Tibet"
 * འབྲུག་ཡུལ 'brug yul lit. "dragon country": * འབྲུག་ཡུལ 'brug yul

Cambodia

 * កម្ពុជា kampuciə < काम्बोज kāmboja "Kamboja" (a kingdom in Iron Age India that spanned parts of South and Central Asia)
 * 高棉 Gāomián < ខ្មែរ khmae "Khmer person": Cao Miên
 * ស្រុកខ្មែរ srok khmae lit. "land of the Khmer people"

China

 * चीन cīna < 秦 *zin "Qin"
 * čīn < cina <
 * čin < čīn <  cina <
 * China
 * الصين aṣ-ṣīn
 * Cina
 * Θῖναι Thînai, Σῖναι Sînai: Sīnae "land of the Chinese"
 * 支那 Chih1-na4, jī nàh (now offensive)
 * 支那 Shina (now offensive)
 * 지나 Jina (obsolete)
 * Chi Na (obsolete)
 * > चीनस्थान cīnasthāna
 * 震旦 /t͡ɕiɪnH tɑnH/ (used in ancient Indian records and some Chinese Buddhist texts)
 * /*čīnastan/; Ճենաստան Čʿinastan; Τζίνιστα Tzínista " land and people of East Asia usually identified as the southern Chinese"
 * 𐰶𐰃𐱃𐰪 q̊²it¹ń /xitāyn/ "Khitan" < Khitan: 𘱿𘲫 qid-ún
 * Китаи Kitai
 * Cataya, Cathaya: Cathay (archaic)
 * খেহদেশ, lit. "Country of the Chinese"; খেহ kheh "Chinese" uncertain origin
 * Serica "North China, China" < Σηρικά Sēriká < Σήρ Sḗr "Seres people" < 絲 /sɨ/ "silk"
 * တရုတ် ta.rut, uncertain origin, perhaps 突厥 Tūjué, Tújué "Turk" or 大理國 Dàlíguó "Dali City", or 大月支 Dàyuèzhī "Tokhara"
 * 中國 lit. "central country": Zhōngguó, Zung1 gwok3; Chûng-koet; Tiong-kok
 * 中国 Chūgoku; 중국 Jungguk; Trung Quốc
 * Calques: dulimbai gurun; {{lang-
 * {{lang-zh|中原}} lit. "central plain": {{lang-cmn|Zhōngyuán}}, {{lang-yue|Zung1 jyun4}}, {{lang-hak|Chûng-ngièn}}, {{lang-nan|Tiong-goân}}
 * {{lang-zh|唐山}} lit. "Tang mountains" (overseas, dated): {{lang-cmn|Tángshān}}; {{lang-yue|Tong4 saan1}}; {{lang-hak|Thòng-sân}}; {{lang-nan|Tn̂g-soaⁿ}}
 * {{lang-zh|域中}} "world, universe" (literary, figurative): {{lang-cmn|Yùzhōng}}
 * {{lang-zh|天下}} lit. "everything under the heavens" (literary, lofty): {{lang-cmn|Tiānxià}}; {{lang-yue|Tin1 haa6}}; {{lang-hak|Thiên-ha}}; {{lang-nan|Thian-hā}}
 * {{lang-zh|桃花石}} (name of China used by people in Central Asia in the 13th century) < Otoro: {{lang|otr|𐱃𐰉𐰍𐰲‬}} {{transl|otr|tabγač}} "Tuoba" (phono-semantic matching)
 * {{lang-cop|ⲁⲙⲓⲧⲱⲛ}} {{transl|cop|amitōn}}, unknown.

Cyprus

 * Κύπρος Kúpros, unknown.
 * ʾlšy /ʾalašiya/, borrowed, unknown.

Georgia

 * Վրաստան Vrastan lit. "country of the Georgians"; վիրք virkʿ
 * Қырҭтәыла Kərttʷʼəla lit. "country of the Georgians"; ақырҭуа a-kərtwa "Georgian" < kortu

Myanmar

 * Burma < ဗမာ ba.ma, dialectal form of မြန်မာ mranma, uncertain origin
 * Myanmar < မြန်မာ mranma
 * ब्रह्मदेश brahmadeśa lit. "Brahma country": ব্রহ্মদেশ brôhmôdeś
 * 緬甸 Miǎndiàn lit. "distant imperial domain", or perhaps first syllable is from မြန်မာ mranma: Miến Điện; Menjden
 * maan1; ມ່ານ mān; ม่าน mâan (archaic); māan
 * புட்பகம் puṭpakam (archaic) ?

Australia

 * From terra austrālis incōgnita "unknown southern land"
 * Gamilaraay: Yarraanbaa lit. "place with the gum trees"
 * Te Pāpaka-a-Māui lit. ""the paddle crab of Māui"

Bonin Islands

 * Bonin, from French scholar Jean-Pierre Abel-Rémusat's misinterpretation of 無人島 mujintō "desert island" as the name of the islands, and then misreading the kanji as buninjima, and finally mistranscribing the vowel in French.
 * 小笠原群島 Ogasawara Guntō

Easter Island

 * Paaseiland, named because it was first encountered by Europeans on Easter Sunday 1722.
 * Rapa Nui, lit. "big Rapa", because of its geographic resemblance to the island

New Zealand

 * Calque of Nieuw-Zeeland, after the province of Zealand
 * Aotearoa lit. "land of the long white cloud": Aokealoa; Autearua

Papua New Guinea

 * Papua (from pepuah "frizzy", in reference to the locals' hair) + New Guinea (after Guinea, in reference to the locals looking similar to West Africans)