User:Lish scicomm/sandbox

I would like to edit "In daily life" section of the Priming (psychology) page that I put below. After the last paragraph (sentence about how consumers peace lemonade sweeter when the logo of the drink is more saturated towards yellow), I would like to add:

Priming also plays a large role in eating behaviors and food consumption. For example, a study conducted by Harris et al. demonstrated the priming effects of food advertising on eating behaviors. Subjects were exposed to advertising that contained either food or other products; the amount of snack foods consumed during and after advertising exposure was measured. Children consumed 45% more food when exposed to advertising that involved food, illustrating how advertising plays a massive role in priming. A study by Harrison et al. in 2005 demonstrated similar conclusions, as snacking at non-meal times occurred in 58% of food ads during children's programming.

As obesity for children aged 2 to 16 has tripled and about one in five children are obese, it is important to understand how priming can increase obesity. Children watch an average of 30 minutes of food advertisements a day, which can equal up to 94 additional kcal; this is equal to approximately 10 pounds per year. If food ads went from 80.5 min/week to 0min/week, consumption would decrease by 4.5% and consequently, children would weigh about 2.1% less than current weight.

Priming (psychology)

"Priming is thought to play a large part in the systems of stereotyping.  This is because attention to a response increases the frequency of that response, even if the attended response is undesired.  The attention given to these response or behaviours primes them for later activation. Another way to explain this process is automaticity. If trait descriptions, for instance "stupid" or "friendly", have been frequently or recently used, these descriptions can be automatically used to interpret someone's behavior. An individual is unaware of this, and this may lead to behavior that may not agree with their personal beliefs.

This can occur even if the subject is not conscious of the priming stimulus. An example of this was done by Bargh et al. in 1996. Subjects were implicitly primed with words related to the stereotype of elderly people (example: Florida, forgetful, wrinkle). While the words did not explicitly mention speed or slowness, those who were primed with these words walked more slowly upon exiting the testing booth than those who were primed with neutral stimuli. Similar effects were found with rude and polite stimuli: those primed with rude words were more likely to interrupt an investigator than those primed with neutral words, and those primed with polite words were the least likely to interrupt. A Yale study showed that something as simple as holding a hot or cold beverage before an interview could result in pleasant or negative opinion of the interviewer. However, there has been a serious lack of replication (see below).

These findings have been extended to therapeutic interventions. For example, Cox et al. (2012) suggest that presented with a depressed patient who "self-stereotypes herself as incompetent, a therapist can find ways to prime her with specific situations in which she had been competent in the past... Making memories of her competence more salient should reduce her self-stereotype of incompetence."

The replicability and interpretation of goal-priming findings has become controversial. Recent studies have failed to replicate findings, including age priming, with additional reports of failure to replicate this and other findings such as social-distance also reported.

Priming is often considered to play a part in the success of sensory branding of products and connected to ideas like crossmodal correspondencies and sensation transference. Known effects are e.g. consumers perceiving lemonade suddenly as sweeter when the logo of the drink is more saturated towards yellow."