User:Lisotta

The Tikal Ruins are Guatemala’s number one tourist attraction. Tikal lies 71 km NE of Flores. Because there is limited space to stay in Tikal, it is convenient to stay in Flores for a good price. Also, there is a daily bus that brings tourists back and forth from Flores to Tikal. The ruins are surrounded by jungles, which are home to monkeys and other animals.

Las Tikal Ruinas de Guatemala son el número un sitio para turistas. Tikal queda 71 km NE de Flores. Porque allí el espacio es limitado, es conveniente quedarse en Flores para un precio bueno. También hay un autobús diario que trae turistas apoye y adelante de Flores a Tikal. Las ruinas son rodeados con selvas, que son casa a monos y otro animals.

Lt. Daniel Kaffee: Lt. Daniel Kaffee was the lead defense attorney on the case. At first his laid back attitude and “only do what is necessary” outlook leaves him at stage 2 level. He ignores the advice of further reviewing the case from his colleague Joanne Galloway and thinks only about what deals he can make and what the easiest way is without having to go to court. After his clients refuse to plead guilty and want a fair trail, he starts to realize that his job is to try to convince the jury these men are innocent and not to make a deal. Lt. Kaffee changes his perspective as the movie continues. At the end, Lt. Kaffee makes a very important and brave decision to risk his rank and career to accuse a higher ranked officer. This decision may have jeopardized his job, but he continued because he felt that it was necessary to fully defend his clients. This choice brought Lt. Kaffee to a stage 6 level. •	Lt. Cdr. Joanne Galloway: Lt. Cdr. Joanne Galloway was Pfc. Louden Downey’s attorney. She remained at the same stage the whole movie. She cared about the betterment of her client than the easiest way out. All of her decisions were based on universal principles and bettered all. In the beginning, Lt. Cdr. Galloway tries to convince Lt. Kaffee into giving LncCpl. Dawson and Pfc. Downey a chance to plead not guilty and remain in the marines. She understands the reality of what their clients have done but believes that they are innocent because of there requirement to follow orders. She is at stage 6. •	Col. Nathan Jessup: Col. Nathan Jessup is the commanding officer in Cuba. He is in charge of LncCpl. Dawson and Pfc. Downey, along with the victim Pfc. Santiago. Col. Jessup has different stages throughout the movie. At first and for the most part is a 2. He cares only for himself and his job. The choices he makes are clearly only those that satisfy his needs and occasionally others. Col. Jessup is also considered to be in stage 4. He believes in the law and following orders as most military personal do, but he believes in law by his standards and rules. He wants everyone to follow his orders and makes sure that his men are disciplined. •	Lt. Col. Matthew Markinson: Lt. Col. Matthew Markinson is an officer under the command of Col. Jessup. He also switches stages throughout the movie. He starts off as a 1 when he decides to “disappear” after Lt. Kaffee and Lt. Cdr. Galloway visit in Cuba. He disappears because he is scared of the consequences he will face when the truth is exposed. After weeks of hiding, he appears to Lt. Kaffee and tells him the truth. This brave action brings him to stage 6. His conscience brings him to tell the truth and therefore solves a lot of problems for the defense case. After telling all the information he knows, Lt. Col. Markinson makes a decision based on stage 1 and decides to take his own life before he is to appear he court. This decision is looked at as cowardly and is done because he is once again scared of the consequences.

ORIGIN:

1. The Quaker religion had its beginning in England in 1624 by its founder George Fox, an English lay preacher.

2. George Fox found that Christ would speak to the people through their hearts because the Inner Light was in everyone, through his own religious experience.

3. William Penn, a follower of George Fox, established one of the first Quaker colonies in America called Pennsylvania or Penn’s Woods.

4. For the Quakers, their accessible source of religious experience is meditative prayer and corporate prayer in the context of silence during meetings used for worship.

5. The Quaker group was formed through the “Seekers,” a religious group George Fox came across. They believed in the Word of God and began to follow Fox and tell others about him and his religion.

CHURCH STRUCTURE:

1. Quakers hold that people are people. No one is any holier than anyone else; therefore, the only authority that exists is in God.

2. Quaker congregations are called “meetings” which range from structured services led by a minister to open sessions where participants speak to silent gatherings.

3. Because of their interest in education, eighteen Quaker-originated colleges or universities exist.

4. Around 1652, George Fox began preaching that there was a “God in every man” and that a formal church structure was unnecessary.

5. The Quakers have no written creed. Their ideal is to pursue truth at all costs.

BASIC BELIEFS:

1.	The biggest belief of Quakers is that everyone has an Inner Light, or a certain part of God’s own spirit.

2.	Friends do not believe in using the bible as their main source of information because they do not think that the words can express what they are feeling at all times. They also think that while words may be able to express how they are feeling at one time, they won’t be able to do the same thing for the person later on in life.

3.	Although the Inner Light or the Divine Spirit has always been available, Friends generally accept that the fullness of God’s divine revelation is made manifest in the life of Jesus Christ -- “Made flesh and dwells among us, full of grace and truth.”

4.	The Religious Society of Friends deems that outward rites are unnecessary, and outward observance of the Eucharist and Baptism are ritualistic and superficial.

5.	Creeds do not form the basis for association in their fellowship as Catholics do. Friends are aware of the limitations of the words to express one’s deepest experiences.

MORALITY:

1.	Quakers maintain an absolute prohibition on the taking of any human.

2.	Their morality comes from the teachings of George Fox and his beliefs on inner light.

3.	Fox said that the only way to overcome the external evils of the world is to overcome inner evil, particularly the tendency to be proud and follow one’s own selfish desires. He called the battle between inner good and evil “The Lamb’s War.”

4.	Those who win this struggle experience a spiritual rebirth. They are still tempted to do evil, but now they find that they can always resist temptation.

5.	This all adds up to a radical doctrine of the following one’s own conscience, which always contains at least a seed of God’s truth. Since everyone has “that of God” within, there is no cause for pride.

6.	Therefore they bring religion into politics and apply utopian moral standards to political life.

WORSHIP:

1.	Quaker worship is called a meeting and based on silence. It is an alert openness to the skill leading of the Inner Light.

2.	Generally, no one speaks for the first twenty minutes. During that time, they are admonished to “Turn in thy mind to the Light, and wait upon God.”

3.	The meeting draws to a close after a long period of silence. After the meeting everyone shakes hands and greet one another. Usually refreshments or a small lunch is provided in another room. Visitors are encouraged to join for food and fellowship after the meetings.

4.	Quaker worship happens when two or more people feel the need to be still and silent together and seek God’s presence. This can happen anywhere and anytime.

5.	Meetings are usually arranged in a square or circle to help people be aware of each other.

AFTERLIFE:

1.	Not all members of the Society of Friends believe that there is an afterlife.

2.	Those who do do not consider a life after death as a reward for virtue or compensation for suffering on Earth, unlike Catholics.

3.	The Quaker view of what happens after death is rooted in the experience of this life.

4.	Few believe in the eternal punishment of individuals in a Hell.

5.	They experience heaven here and now, and believe that whatever lies beyond death must be for our good.

INTERESTING FACTS:

1.	Quakers avoid liquor, gambling and stock market speculation.

2.	They refuse to swear under oath.

3.	Quakers will not join a secret society.

4.	They do not attract converts.

5.	Children and young people in the meetings are welcomed but do not attend the whole time. During their absence they discuss the Bible stories, do crafts, play games, or develop their own understandings and insights.

6.	There are many names for Quakers besides Religious Society of Friends such as Children of the light. Friends of the Truth, and Friends among Friends,