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Zōshigaya cemetery

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Kyoka Izumi

 * 00:10, 2 September 2006 (hist) (diff) m Kyoka Izumi (→The Mature Writer - "A Song by Lantern Light"=歌行燈(Uta Andon))

Japan

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Edo period

 * 18:33, 2 November 2006 (→Society - eta and hinin are different.)
 * Below the merchant class were the so-called eta and hinin, those whose professions broke the taboos of buddhism. Eta were butchers, tanners and undertakers. Hinin served as town guards, street cleaners and executioners. Another group were the entertainers and prostitutes. The word eta literally translates to "filthy" and hinin to "non-humans," a thorough reflection of the attitude held by other classes that the eta and hinin were not even people. Sometimes eta villages weren't even printed on official maps.

Water Margin

 * 20:18, 12 September 2006 (→Outline of Chapters - copyedit)
 * 22:42, 25 August 2006 (→References - references on different editions)
 * 22:29, 25 August 2006 (hist) (diff) Water Margin (→External links - full text archive)
 * 22:21, 25 August 2006 (hist) (diff) Water Margin (→Outline of Chapters - mention to the different editions)
 * 22:01, 25 August 2006 (hist) (diff) Water Margin (→Authorship and early editions - 120 by Yang 70 by Jin)
 * 20:41, 25 August 2006 (hist) (diff) Water Margin (→Historical context and development - mention in the official history of Song)
 * 17:41, 24 August 2006 (hist) (diff) Water Margin (→Outline of Chapters - more introduction)
 * 16:56, 24 August 2006 (hist) (diff) Water Margin (→Historical context and development - the old incidents in Xuanhe period of the great Song Dynasty)
 * 16:47, 24 August 2006 (hist) (diff) Water Margin (→Outline of Chapters - 2 The rise of Gao Qiu)

Historical context and development
They are recorded in the official history of Song (宋史), the name of Song Jiang appearing in the chapter of Emperor Huizhong, the activities of the gang in the chapter for Zhang Shuye (張叔夜).

(大宋宣和遺事, the old incidents in Xuanhe period of the great Song Dynasty)

Authorship and early editions
It is not clear How close the Luo's edition was to those that are known today. The earliest extant edition of Water Margin is a 100-chapter printed text dating from the mid-16th century. Another edition, with 120 chapters by Yang (楊定見), has been preserved from the Wanli era (1573-1620). Yet other editions were published since this era to the early Qing Dynasty, including a 70-chapter edition by Jin Shengtan.

Outline of Chapters
The opening episode is the release of the 108 spirits. The next chapter describes the rise of Gao Qiu, the main antagonist of the 108. Then follow the stories of different outlaws. At first the story may seem like separate stories, which, in a sense, they were. The connections were very vague between characters. But the story eventually comes together by Chapter 40 or so, during the exile and rescue of Song Jiang, who becomes the head of 108 outlaws. Once the main characters gather on the Mount Liang on the marsh, the story goes on with the conflicts with the Song dynasty, while Song Jiang keeps showing his loyalty to the emperor. After winning battles against the imperial forces, the outlaws are offered amnesty and invited by the emperor to become an official army, which Song Jiang willingly accepts. Gao Qiu, not being happy with them, sends them out to fight against the enemies of the dynasty, and finally we will see the tragic ending.

The following outline of chapters is based on a 100-chapter edition. Yang's 120-chapter edition includes other campaigns of the outlaws on behalf of Song dynasty, while Jing's 70-chapter edition omits the chapters on the outlaws' accept of amnesty and following campaigns.

2 The rise of Gao Qiu 2-3 The story of Shi Jin

Luo Guanzhong

 * 04:34, 26 August 2006 Luo Guanzhong (enlargement with bibliography)
 * 23:25, 25 August 2006 (hist) (diff) Luo Guanzhong (Luo in a contemporary record)

Identity
Luo Guanzhong is confirmed to have lived in the end of Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty by the contemporary record by Jia Zhongming (賈仲明), who met him in 1364. It tells that he was from Taiyuan, while literary historians suggests other possibilities about his home, including Hangzhou and Jiangnan. According Meng Fanren (孟繁仁), Luo Guanzhong can be identified in the pedigree of the Luo family, and Taiyuan is the most probable as his home.

Literary historians are not certain Shi Naian (see ) and Luo Guangzhong are the same person, or if the name was used as a pseudonym by the editor of Outlaws of the Marsh who did not want to be associated with any anti-government themes that might be found in this work.

Works
The stories of Romance of the Three Kingdoms and Outlaws of the Marsh are presumed to have been developed by storytellers. The first editor who assembled Outlaws of the Marsh is thought to be Shi Naian, while Luo Guangzhong the secondary editor who brought it to the current form of 100 chapters. Luo Guanzhong is attributed with Romance of the Three Kingdoms as the editor, although it is suggested that Shi Naian may also possibly be the editor.

Pingyaozhuan (平妖傳) is a ghost story written by Luo Guanzhong with 20 chapters, develped from the original pieces of storytelling based on a rebellion at the end of Northern Song Dynasty, and later enlarged by Feng Menglong (馮夢龍) into 40 chapters.

Can-Tang Wudai Shi Yanzhuan (殘唐五代史演義傳) is a chronicle of the end of the Tang Dynasty and the following Five Dynasties period, a compilation of storytelling pices based on the rebel of Zhu Wen.

Shi Naian

 * 21:35, 1 September 2006 (hist) (diff) Shi Naian (He wrote → He is attributed)

Japan, Japanese literature

 * 02:06, 26 August 2006 (hist) (diff) Japanese literature (→Classical literature (ninth century - twelfth century) - waka poetry, Pillow Book an essay)
 * 01:59, 26 August 2006 (hist) (diff) Japanese literature (→Ancient Literature (eighth century) - written in quasi-Chinese, classical Chinese, man'yo-gana)
 * 01:47, 26 August 2006 (hist) (diff) m Japan (→Literature - italic)
 * 01:46, 26 August 2006 (hist) (diff) Japan (→Literature - moved Kojiki and Nihon Shoki to the top, for they are the older than others mentioned, history rather than religious, added Manyoshu)
 * 00:51, 24 August 2006 (hist) (diff) Talk:Japanese literature ("I Am a Cat" as "I Novel"?)
 * 00:40, 24 August 2006 (hist) (diff) Japan (→Literature - trying to harmonize with text in Japanese literature, without breaking much the existing text...)
 * 23:23, 23 August 2006 (hist) (diff) Japan (→Literature - rm img. doubt about expiration of copyright, plus not very representative of Japanese literature)

The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter

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