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Open data in Canada describes the capacity for the Canadian Federal Government and other levels of government in Canada to provide online access to data collected and created by governments in a standards-compliant Web 2.0 way. Open data requires that machine-readable should be made openly available, simple to access, and convenient to reuse.

Federal
Back in early 2010, Canada concluded ten open data principles based on the Sebastopol list, the result of the discussion of 30 open government advocates in Sebastopol, California in 2007. The ten principles serve as the criteria of evaluating openness and accessibility of government data.

In 2018, the government published the 4th action plan which was built on the foundation of the first three biennial plans. This plan announced 10 announcements, many of which are associated to open data including user-friendly open government, corporate transparency, open science, access to information, reconciliation and open government and open government community. This plan is aimed at continuing the Canadian government's openness, transparency and accountability.

Multi-jurisdictional

 * Federal open government portal provides data search across jurisdictions.


 * GeoConnections Discovery Portal - "Enabling discovery and access of Canada's geographical information on the Internet"


 * Community Accounts covers Newfoundland only - "providing users at all levels with a reliable source of community, regional, and provincial data" - but the Senate has endorsed making it Canada-wide.

Provincial
There are 9 provinces with open data in Canada as of March 2019: Alberta, British Colombia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland & Labrador, Northwest Territories, Nova Scotia, Québec and Saskatchewan.

British Colombia
The Open Data Catalogue is supported by CKAN open source software which the BC government played an important role in the development.

Ontario
The efforts of Ontario to build a transparent and accessible government can date back to 1988 when Ontario established Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act giving public the access to government records.

As of November 7, 2018, Open Data of Ontario listed 2655 data sets and more than 700 of which are accessible. Ontario has specific requirements for government data, Open Data Directive which require that unless due to legal, privacy, security, confidentiality or commercially-sensitive reason factors all data are open to public on the Ontario Data Catalogue. Ontario also let public to vote for what data should be made public, and they are working on making the top 25 datasets available online.

Prince Edward Island
The government of PEI is dedicated to proving data in open format with easy and reliable access. PEI published data in different formats: CSV, JSON, XML, Geo formats and shapefiles. The open government portal of PEI is https://data.princeedwardisland.ca/.

Saskatchewan
Saskatchewan started its open data project in 2011; it declared that the open data project is not related to the government at all. Saskatchewan provides open data sources of spatial (GIS) data, provincial government, municipal government (Regina and Saskatoon), crown corporations & health care and SK related federal government data.

Municipal
The number of municipalities adopting open data policies and releasing open data has been steadily increasing since 2008. Cities across Canada such as Edmonton and Ottawa have created various contests for building apps that utilize municipal open data.

As of March 2019, there are 66 municipalities that have open date project in Canada.

Background
In October 2018, Canada started its one-year co-chairship of the Open Government Partnership, a collaborative organization supporting open government progress worldwide. The three leadership priorities are inclusion, participation and impact. As the co-chair, the 2019 Open Government Partnership Global Summit will be hosted in Ottawa in May, 2019.