User:Liuwolfer/sandbox

There are so many fantastic science and technology discovers that change our lives,ant they will influence us in the future too. Now,let's talk about some discovered sciences and technologies.Also we will image some possible sciences and technologies. Science (from Latin scientia, meaning "knowledge") is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe.In modern use, "science" more often refers to a way of pursuing knowledge, not only the knowledge itself. It is "often treated as synonymous with 'natural and physical science', and thus restricted to those branches of study that relate to the phenomena of the material universe and their laws, sometimes with implied exclusion of pure mathematics. The word technology refers to the making, modification, usage, and knowledge of tools, machines, techniques, crafts, systems, and methods of organization, in order to solve a problem, improve a preexisting solution to a problem, achieve a goal, handle an applied input/output relation or perform a specific function. It can also refer to the collection of such tools, including machinery, modifications, arrangements and procedures. Technologies significantly affect human as well as other animal species' ability to control and adapt to their natural environments.

Papermaking is the process of making paper, a substance which is used universally today for writing and packaging.Papermaking is known to have been traced back to China about 105 CE, when Cai Lun, an official attached to the Imperial court during the Han Dynasty (202 BCE-220 CE), created a sheet of paper using mulberry and other bast fibres along with fishnets, old rags, and hemp waste.[1](

1.^ Papermaking. (2007). In: Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved April 9, 2007, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online. )Papermaking make paper easy and simple,so we can record our history minutely.The technology bring us memory and we can record what we want to record.

Gunpowder, also known since the late 19th century as black powder, was the second chemical explosive and the only one known until the mid-1800s.[2] It is a mixture of sulfur, charcoal, and potassium nitrate (saltpetre)—with the sulfur and charcoal acting as fuels, while the saltpetre works as an oxidizer.[3] Because of its burning properties and the amount of heat and gas volume that it generates, gunpowder has been widely used as a propellant in firearms and as a pyrotechnic composition in fireworks. Gunpowder was, according to prevailing academic consensus, discovered in the 7th century in China, attributed to Chinese alchemists searching for an elixir of immortality.[4] The earliest record of a written formula for gunpowder appears in the 11th century Song Dynasty text, Wujing Zongyao.[5] This discovery led to the invention of fireworks and the earliest gunpowder weapons in China. In the centuries following the Chinese discovery, gunpowder weapons began appearing in the Arab world, Europe, and India. The technology spread from China through the Middle East, and then into Europe.[6] The earliest Western accounts of gunpowder appear in texts written by English philosopher Roger Bacon in the 11th century.[7] 2.^ See Nitroglycerine#History 3.^ Jai Prakash Agrawal (2010). High Energy Materials: Propellants, Explosives and Pyrotechnics. Wiley-VCH. p. 69. ISBN 978-3-527-32610-5. 4.^ a b Jack Kelly Gunpowder: Alchemy, Bombards, and Pyrotechnics: The History of the Explosive that Changed the World, Perseus Books Group: 2005, ISBN 0465037224, ISBN 9780465037223: pp. 2–5 5.^ Chase 2003:31 : "the earliest surviving formulas for gunpowder can be found in the Wujing zongyao, a civilian work from around 1040" 6.^ a b c Buchanan 2006, p. 2 "With its ninth century AD origins in China, the knowledge of gunpowder emerged from the search by alchemists for the secrets of life, to filter through the channels of Middle Eastern culture, and take root in Europe with consequences that form the context of the studies in this volume." 7.^ a b c Joseph Needham; Gwei-Djen Lu; Ling Wang (1987). Science and civilisation in China, Volume 5, Part 7. Cambridge University Press. pp. 48–50. ISBN 978-0-521-30358-3. Engels spoke highly of the pioneering role in the invention of gunpowder in China: "now have unanimously confirmed, gunpowder after India from China to the arabs, and introduced into Europe from arabs and gunpowder weapons after Spain together." The invention of gunpowder greatly promote the process of historical development, is one of the important pillar of European Renaissance. Made great contribution to the development of world civilization.

A steam engine is a heat engine that performs mechanical work using steam as its working fluid.