User:Logan Snyder/sandbox

Area
Gentrification of San Francisco- Addresses gentrification and its unique place within the housing situation of the Bay Area. Gentrification has many unique societal factors that could be incredibly significant to the lens viewed within my PE org. It is also label as weighted to one side, so possible improvement can occur. San Francisco housing shortage- Describes the drivers of the housing crisis within San Francisco and the Bay in general. This accounts for market trends, social pressures, and a more holistic approach of looking at the housing crisis.

Summarizing and Synthesizing

Through the means of land use regulations, multidimensional approaches to affordable housing policy, and gentrification, the scholarly articles presented paint a decently clear picture of how housing security functions within the Bay Area. Literature within the domain of Affordable Housing within San Francisco shows great promise in the future of surface level programs. However, the literature falls short in examining any long-term solutions that address the fundamental structures that induce housing security. I intend on following up with articles that dive deeper into long term solutions—such as land use regulation reform.

Sector
affordable housing- Affordable housing is the state of housing access being determined by what percent of total income rent takes up. Learning more about these discourses to make housing on a large scale more affordable can potentially lead to long term, structural solutions.

Subsidized housing- Subsidized housing programs are programs in which the government directly intervenes and financially supports housing units for low income populations, or other groups that qualify for their standards. These policies aim to meet victims of housing insecurity halfway but besides expanding access, the programs that fall under this umbrella do not typically cause any long term, structural changes. This article has numerous citations that are either not sufficient or there at all. There is also a general lack of information going into deeper on the sub-sections. The article needs a lot of structure revision as well.

Summarizing and Synthesizing
Overall, there are an incredible amount of contemporary policies being utilized, with each being very specifically tailored to each individual region’s needs. The power of mapping the situation using demographics of housing situations allows for greater and deeper analysis to occur. I’ve learned of many obstacles within the development, such as reduced funding and pushback from those backing unforgiving economic development. This research has also brought me to much of the dominant policies being utilized, but through skimming articles based in developing economies such as China, their affordable policy is treated as a much more essential and altogether important process. I hope to look towards non-traditional and non-Western policies to gain potential inspiration.

SCANPH
No Wikipedia article- The Southern California Association for Non-Profit Housing is an organization based in Southern California that advocates and creates affordable housing policy. An example of policies they support is the Affordable Housing Linkage Fee which created not only a specific fund for the development of inclusive and just housing units, but a long term way of generating financial support for the fund as well. I'll be working with the organization to research and accumulate data on different housing policies from different communities, both local and global.

Sector
André, Christophe, and Thomas Chalaux. “Building a Typology of Housing Systems to Inform Policies in OECD and EU Member States.” Institut National De La Statistique Et Des Études Économiques, 2018.

This article creates a classification system of housing structures in OECD and EU member states, via the use of housing market analysis and statistics made available from the Affordable Housing Database. This typology will be advantageous to my research as it encompasses a wide variety of diverse policies types and the equally diverse way they impact different areas within housing security. It also uses heaps of quantitative data and evaluates/analyzes housing in a way not seen as frequently in housing policy. This typology could be applied to my practical experience in affordable housing organizing as it outlines the different variables within housing security, such as high household debt, private rental, and homeownership. By the use of mapping this data that is available, they are able to better evaluate and assess the ways that policies interact to better gauge how these factors engage with each other.

Kalugina, Anastasia. “Affordable Housing Policies: An Overview.” Cornell Real Estate Review, 2016.

This article provides a brief history of affordable housing programs within different regions in the United States while discussing the features which made some of these initiatives more advantageous than others. This article has a particular section entitled Affordable Housing Throughout History: From Government Regulation to Public-Private Partnerships. I found this section to be of particular interest as it gave a fundamental background to the roots of policies, not just their results. Additionally, this article discusses some affordable housing initiatives which have come to fruition in San Francisco, the location of my practical education. Moreover, it addresses the barriers to providing sound affordable housing legislation—such as, “reduced federal funding for public housing, local land-use restrictions, the high cost of maintaining public housing properties”, etc. (Kalugina 80).

Ravit, Hananel. “Can Centralization, Decentralization and Welfare Go Together? The Case of Massachusetts Affordable Housing Policy.” Urban Studies, Sage Publications, 2014.

This article details the changes undergone by Massachusetts state and local governments as a result of the “Anti-Snob Zoning Act” or 40b housing policy. This revolutionary and highly controversial act allowed for the integration of low- and moderate-income residents into exclusionary suburbs through the induction of affordable housing initiatives statewide. This article will be advantageous to my research as it entails urban housing policy and the ways in which socioeconomic boundaries really play a role. The article discusses decentralization, exclusionary zoning, State/local government relations,  and low/moderate income and the ways in which these have affected housing security. This acts as an update to policies within my Wikipedia article to better encompass the intersectionality of different policies.

"China's policy adjustments to promote an affordable and stable housing market"- James R. Barth,, Michael Lea,, Tong Li, ,

Area
Palm, Matthew, and Deb Niemeier. “Achieving Regional Housing Planning Objectives: Directing Affordable Housing to Jobs-Rich Neighborhoods in the San Francisco Bay Area.” Journal of the American Planning Association, vol. 83, no. 4, 2017, pp. 377–388.,

This article addresses the disparities in resources awarded to low-income households living in disadvantaged areas. Additionally, this article analyzes the outcomes of the revamped resource allocation formula mandated by California’s affordable housing mandate. This article provided useful explanatory information to supplement my understanding of exclusionary zoning and facets of gentrification. Moreover, this article calls for a market-based approach to preventing gentrification. These policies would entail mandating affordable housing in the heart of areas of development to attempt to prevent the immediate displacement of persons in the region. This is a policy without much airtime on the Wikipedia page.

Kubey, Karen. “Allies in Equity: A Conversation with an Architect, a Developer and a Former Federal Housing Official.” Architectural Design, 2018.

This article assumes the argument that survival of subsidized housing programs are fundamentally linked to holistic issues of, “policy, infrastructure and community development” (Kubey 1). I found it incredibly interesting to seeing the very dynamic and synergistic views of different professionals within different areas of this particular dilemma. The journal not only explores the housing policies but the specific development of housing and potential solutions in how they are all interconnected between different disciplines. They conclude that there is not one big solution, but many small diverse changes that will make the biggest impact on housing equity. Using this would give me a more well-rounded perspective of the ways in which to view policy. I could use this to give any general edits on Wikipedia more nuance with a broader background.

CJ, Gabbe. “Looking Through the Lens of Size : Land Use Regulations and Micro-Apartments in San Francisco.” .S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, 2015.

This article addresses the phenomena of micro-apartments as a response to exuberant housing cost in San Francisco. Limited literature has addressed the minimum unit requirement for affordable housing, thus this article urges cities too, “review their codes through the lens of unit size and eliminate unnecessary impediments to small units” ( Gabbe 223). I found their approach to resemble that of Fraser's location concept, which could serve to be advantageous. This could be incorporated into the land regulation/zoning section of the Wikipedia article, as it could use some beefing up.

Sand Castles Before the Tide? Affordable Housing in Expensive Cities.- Gabriel Metcalf

Gentrification of San Francisco
The gentrification of San Francisco has been an ongoing source of contention between renters and working people who live in the city and real estate interests.

The gentrification of San Francisco has been an ongoing source of contention between renters, tenants who live in the city, and real estate interests.

As of 2014, about 75% of all rental units in San Francisco are rent controlled.

No specific changes, but this excerpt was by itself, and more information could potentially surround this, such as history of this statistic or other similar numbers depicting the demographic of rent control changes within the local context.

San Francisco Housing Shortages
This entire page is very lacking. I would add an entire section on the equity of the housing crisis. This section would contain census data that shows the demographic change that happened in the cities, such as the decrease in population of African American residents by 18,000 from 1990-2010. (www.bayareacensus.ca.gov, 2016) Section might look like:

The development of the San Francisco housing shortage has altered the demographics of the region, resulting in the city gaining 2,000 white residents, 32,000 Asian residents, and 13,000 Hispanic residents from 1990-2010, while the African American population decreased by 18,000 people.

The page also lacks a cumulative history of the topic overall. Added context might be the redevelopment of the Filmore District and the subsequent backlash against development. The history of land-use laws are still greatly influencing today's policies.