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L&L p.69-75 soldiers in the 18th century wore lace ruffels (and silk stockings) in battle Steinkirk, a twisted lace cravat, was named after a battle in 1692 when the young french princes were suddently called to battle, fought, and won while wearing their lace cravats, which had gotten rather mussed during the fighting-people then wore mussed cravats for a long time

about 1540 the ruff came into fashion, supposedly invented to hide a scar on the throat of the king of france Henri II first ruffs were just folded linen with a simple lace trimming, but by 1579 they were very big and heavily decorated with fancy lace also stiffened in women´s fashion a wire mounted collar followed the ruff, it was really big (came up behind head), and bordered in lace- started by Marie de Medicis

site to look at
 * http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/jo/lace/types.htm

=Binche lace=

websites
http://www.art-estherbrassac.com/anglais/tech_a/lace4.html
 * started in 18th century
 * from Belgian town Binche
 * continous
 * same family as valenciennes
 * extremely fine
 * flowered from 1700 to 1765
 * designs include animal scenes and figures
 * very difficult
 * stopped being made at end of 18th, early 19th
 * known as fairy point lace

http://www.lace-tapestries.com/en/fairy-point-lace-point-de-fe--toveressekant-bobbin-lace-belian-lace.htm
 * aka fairy point lace
 * already known in late Louis XIV
 * gossamer-fine
 * straight edge
 * continuous thread
 * occasionally has a fine gimp
 * still made under the name of 'point do Fée'

http://belovedlinens.net/lace/BincheLace.html
 * it is said: brought to Binche in the 15th century from Gent with Mary of Burgundy-no proof
 * nothing known of it before end of the 17th century
 * originally resembled Valenciennes kn texture and reseau
 * no cordonnet or a single fine thread
 * very, very fine
 * popular in Parisian circles during middle of 18th century
 * later laces became coarser and deterioration in the patterns
 * production of true dentelle de Binche end at the end of the 18th century

get info from
Dict old world lace L&L (get info for torchon lace too) check P&P

dict has info
 * Binche is a flemish continuous lace, 17th to early 19th, like V, Antwerp and Mechlin


 * continuous bobbin lace
 * usually 2 in wide
 * ground normally knwon as snowflake stitch
 * 1585:Dutch closed river Scheldt->halted production of Antwerp lace, didn't bother production of Binche

Hist of lace pp.121-122
 * Binche was the subject of a royal edict in 1686->laces made there must have been important
 * much in vouge in 18th century
 * mentioned in Les misérables->used for Collette's wedding dress