User:Lord Milner/Lord Milner's Timeline

People
Addison, Christopher: The Minister of Munitions in the Lloyd George government. Suspicious of LM at first, he learned to greatly respect him. (Marlowe, pgs. 259-260). Addison was a big supporter of LG’s, supporting free trade and home rule. (O’Brien, pg. 278)


 * Aiken Max (Lord Beaverbrook): A Canadian book publisher and later friend of Bonar Law, Aiken helped helped bring down the Asquith coalition, and was rewarded with the cabinet post of Minister of Information.

Amery, Leo: A rising conservative journalist and politician. LM met him in SA when he was The Times war correspondent and became friends with the Kindergarten. In 1906, he was a part time secretary to LM. He became a politician after he left The Times. A Captain in 1917, Amery was promoted to LTC by the time he drove Milner to Doullens in March 1918. (Marlowe, pgs. 178-179)


 * Asquith, Herbert Henry: An Oxford associate of LM, 3 years his senior (graduated in ’76 vs LM in ’79), invited Milner to his house from 1877 to 1885 for frugal Sunday dinners, but was left out of Asquith’s government when he was Prime Minister from 1908 to 1916. He said upon Milner’s death to have studied with him for three years at the scholar’s table (a study hall at Oxford).


 * Astor, Waldorf:

Baker, Herbert: An architect who arrived in South Africa in 1896, who redesigned Cecil Rhodes home at Groote Schuur, and who went on the become the father of architecture in South Africa. (O’Brien, pg. 218)

Baring, Sir Evelyn: England’s Consul General to Egypt in 1889. He wrote an important book, Modern Egypt in 1907. (O’Brien, pg. 90)

Baynes, Bishop Hamilton: a priest and friend of Alfred’s, who was born on the same day and year. Lord Milner referred to him as his, “twin” in 1913. (Thompson, pg. 292)

Birchenough, Henry: A friend Alfred shared bachelor quarters with in 1883. (Thompson, pg. 40)

Blomfield: LM’s architect, hired by Violet. (Cecil, pg. 204)

Blunt, Gerald: A Pastor who Charles Milner knew. Charles played with his kids. (Marlow, pg. 2)

Buckle, G.E. The young editor of the Times in 1886. (O’Brien, pg. 63)

Carson, Edward: Another “Irishman” who played an important role preventing Home Rule. LM wrote to him on 10/9/13 to help the Curragh Mutiny. Appointed First Lord of the Admiralty, LM was instrumental in replacing him (letter to LG on 7/16/17) with Eric Geddes. Meanwhile, the first convoys reached England without losses. (O’Brien, pgs. 281-282)

Cecil, (Lord) Edward: The 4th son of Prime Minister Salisbury. Married to Lady Edward, LM’s future wife in 1921, Lord Edward held Milner’s former job in Egypt, “Financial Advisor”. LM visited him often during his annual trips to Egypt. A member of the Imperial War Cabinet, and in charge of the British naval blockade of Germany during World War I, Lord Edward died of the Spanish flu in 1918. (O’Brien, pg. 248)
 * Chamberlain: Austin: The oldest son of Joseph Chamberlain, and conservative leader in the House of Commons, Austin replaced Lord Milner in the War Cabinet in April 1918, when Milner became Secretary of State for War.

Chamberlain, Joseph: A conservative politician from Birmingham and Colonial Secretary under the Balfour Government (1895-1903). He quit politics in 1906 to campaign for Imperial Unity and Tariff Reform. He suffered a permanent stroke in 1907. (Marlowe, pg. 180)


 * Chamberlain, Neville: The youngest son of Joseph Chamberlain, Lord Milner suggested his appointment as Director of National Service (Milner’s old job, now upgraded to full-time) in December 1916, and asked him to resign in August 1917. (Marlowe, pg. 258). Neville was the subject of criticism from Lloyd George for the small size of his head.

Crombie, Mary: An English widow with two sons. Charles Milner tutored her two sons in Bonn. She eventually married Charles. (Marlowe pg. 1)
 * Clemenceau, Georges: LM first met Clemenceau at the house of Lady Edward Cecil. (Marlowe, pg. 286). They met again at the first Supreme War Council formal session on 12/1/17.
 * Crombie, George: A British army officer who married Mary Crombie. They had two sons.

Cromer, Lord: The First Controller General of Egypt (1878-’79). (Wikipedia) LM served under him. (Thompson, “A Wider Patriotism”, pg. 204)

Derby, Edward George Villiers Stanley (the 17th Earl of Derby): Second to Lord Kitchener with recruiting in WWI, and became Secretary of State for War, was removed on Lord Milner’s suggestion, and replaced Derby as Secretary of War from April to November 1918. (Thompson, pg. 321, my notes)

Fisher, Victor: A politician LM supported and Waldorf Astor underwrote in 1916 to gain support for a national party. (Thompson, pgs. 320, 325)

Fitzpatrick, Percy: A South African, and a leading figure in the mine industry. (Marlowe, pg. 129, footnote 5)

Gell, Philip Lyttleton: A peer of Alfred’s from King’s College. Alfred was with Gell when Oxford scholarships were announced, and Alfred was selected. (pg. 3)


 * George, David Lloyd: Took H.H. Asquith’s place as Chancellor of the Exchequer when Asquith became PM in 1908.

Glazebrook, Hugh: A friend from Balliol, he moved to Toronto, Canada. LM stayed with him in 1912. (Marlowe, pg. 187)

Glyn, Elinore: a popular book writer and friend of Alfred’s who he met in 1903, she had a love affair with Lord Curzon years later. (Marlowe, pgs. 148-149, O’Brien, pgs. 211, 313)

Grey, Earl (Albert Grey): An acquaintance of LM’s from South Africa (a friend of Rhode’s), who visited LM in early October 1913, just before LM’s trip to Birmingham. (Marlowe, pg. 204)

Grigg, Edward (Lord Altringham): A New College graduate, and editor of Imperial Affairs at The Times. (Marlowe, pg. 209, 233). Grigg joined The Round Table. (Thompson, “A Wider Patriotism”, pg. 146), and in 1921 LM allowed him to take over as secretary to the Rhodes Trust. (pg. 192)

Griscom, Colonel: General Pershing's liaison officer to Lord Milner. (O'Brien, pg. 309)

Harcourt, William: The Chancellor of the Exchequer who succeeded Goschen in 1892. (Thompson, pg. 85)


 * Hardinge, Captain Alexander: Married to Violet’s daughter, present at Lord Milner’s death, and sold Great Wigsell in 1966.

Hobhouse, Emily: a cousin of Alfred’s Balliol friend Henry Hobhouse, she visited Alfred in January 1901, and asked for permission to see the refugee (concentration) camps. He agreed. (O’Brien, pg.184)

Jowett, Benjamin: An acclaimed Oxford professor, academic reformer, theologist, and tutor at Balliol college from 1842 to 1886 (promoted to Master at Balliol in 1870, & Vice Chancellor of Oxford in 1882). (Wikipedia biography) (Times obituary, 10/2/93)

Kipling, Rudyard: A poet with a letter of introduction, who LM met in South Africa in February 1898. He shared Milner’s imperial vision, and the two became lifelong friends. (Marlowe, pgs. 56, 180)

Landsdowne, Lord: Offered Alfred a position as his private secretary in India in 1988; Wrote a letter suggesting a compromise peace with Germany. Also, a millionaire and an unpaid "Minister Without Portfolio" advisor to Prime Minister Asquith. (Marlowe, pgs. 73, 293)

Lawley, Sir Arthur: Lieutenant Governor of the Transvaal from 1902 to 1905. (Marlowe, pg. 203)

Lee, Sir Arthur: The undersecretary to Lloyd George, the Minister of Munitions, in 1916, and according to author Wrench, served as an intermediary to ask LG to attend ginger group meetings. (Wrench, pg. 307)

Lockhart, Bruce: Britain’s Consulate General in Moscow who thought up the British Russian policy. He remained behind in Russia after the October 1917 revolution. (Marlowe, pg. 265)


 * Long, Walter: President of the UDL who headed up the anti-Home Rule faction since 1907.

Low, Sir Sidney: A writer for the Daily Telegraph and a huge supporter of Milner’s. (Marlowe, pg. 269)

Lyttelton, Alfred: LM’s friend, and Balfour’s choice for Colonial Office Secretary, after Milner declined the job in 1903. Lyttelton was Alfred’s protégé, not his peer. (O’Brien, pg. 213)

Maitland-Steel, Arthur: An Oxford graduate, he accompanied LM to Canada as his private secretary in 1908. Land Party Chairman in 1912, Minister of Labour in 1913, and a director at Rio Tinto. In December 1916, LM gave Maitland his proposal of a smaller War Cabinet, and it was forwarded to Bonar Law. With a day or two, LM was invited to join the War Cabinet by Lloyd George. (Marlowe, pgs. 186, 358)

Malan, F.S.: An Afrikaner politician, the editor of Ons Land, a leading newspaper in South Africa, who in 1907 agreed to print a pro-federation outline for the British. (Marlowe, pg. 206)

Malcolm, Marianne: Ten year’s older than Alfred, and Alfred’s friend and companion for 14 years, from 1872 to 1886, when he grew up in London. (Wrench, pg. 34) Malcolm, Mr.: A relative of Mary Crombie, and the father of a daughter, Marianne. (Marlowe, pg. 1)

Markham, Violet: Met LM in Cape Town, and went on to become Deputy Director of the National Service League. (O’Brien, pg. 279) Mayor, Mr.: A teacher at Kings College who suggested Baliol as the best place for an Oxford scholarship. (Marlowe, pg. 3)

Milner, Charles: Alfred’s father. He was born in Neuss, near Dusseldorf on 30 June 1830. As half English, he was registered as a British subject. He studied medicine in Bonn. (Marlowe, pg. 1)


 * Milner, James Richardson: his paternal grandfather. Born in England, he was a wine shipper who spent most of his career in Germany.  This is where he met his wife, Sophie von Rappard.  (Marlowe, p

Milner, Karl: A cousin of Milners. (O’Brien, pg. 246)

Northcliffe, Lord: The influential owner of The Times and other newspapers. (Marlowe, pg. 249)

Oliver, F.S.: A Cambridge graduate and linen businessman, he published a biography about Alexander Hamilton that highly influenced the Kindergarten in South Africa. He as a staunch imperialist. (Marlowe, pg. 179)

Ormsby-Gore: A Personal Private Secretary appointed by Lord Milner as part of the Garden Suburb, an Assistant Secretary to the War Cabinet in 1917-1918, later Undersecretary for the Colonies 1922-24, and Secretary of State for the Colonies, 1936-38 (Marlowe, pgs. 258-289, Roskill, Vol. I, pg. 423)

Plunkett, Horace: A Protestant landowner living in Ireland, who in 1913 invited LM to stay with him. (Marlowe, pg. 200)

Ralli, Pendelli: Herbert Kitchener’s friend; Kitchener stayed at his house at 17 Belgrave Square whenever he was in London. (Marlowe, pg. 293)


 * Ready, Charles: Alfred’s uncle, and the executor of Mary’s will. (pg. 2)

Roberts, Lord: A 19th Century war hero, Lord Roberts turned around the military situation in South Africa and won. In 1905, LM persuaded him to become head of The National Service League.
 * Ready, John: A British two star general, a former governor of Prince Edward Island, and Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man. He had a daughter, Mary Crombie.  He was killed on duty in Ireland in 1852.  (Marlowe, pg. 1)

Ready, Oliver: Alfred’s cousin, mentioned in Marlowe, pg. 203. LM let him stay in a small house on his property at Sturry. (O’Brien, pg. 284)

Riddell: A close friend of LG. (O’Brien, pg. 306)

Sackville-West: General Henry Wilson’s subordinate at Versailles, who took over Wilson’s job upon Henry’s promotion to CIGS. (Marlowe, pg. 291)

Selborne: Alfred’s friend, who as Parliamentary Under-Secretary to Joseph Chamberlain in 1896, asked Alfred if he would consider the Permanent Under Secretaryship at the Colonial Office. Alfred declined. (O’Brien, pg. 126)

Smith, Miss: a secretary employed by LM in 1918. She was with him until his death. (O’Brien, pg. 260) Syne, Bertha: The daughter of Reverend Francis Synge, who became a well-known children’s book writer, and a lifelong associate of Alfred Milner’s. They exchanged letters. (Marlowe, pgs. 2, 239)

Synge, Francis: A Pastor and supervisor of Reverend Gerald Blunt. (Marlowe, pg. 2)


 * Tennant, Margot: the 27 year old daughter of Sir Charles Tennant, a Scottish businessman, whom Alfred met in 1890 at Professor Jowett’s house while on vacation in June 1891.

Toynbee, Arnold: An Oxford friend, Arnold was 18 months older than Alfred, he was a tutor, mentor, and teacher at Oxford. He died in 1883, at the age of 30. He was a friend of Alfred’s, who spoke about him often. (O’Brien, pg. 37)

Thornton, Hugh: Lord Milner’s official Private Secretary at Whitehall Gardens (the War Office) from 1916 to 1920. At one time, he had previously been Milner’s private secretary. (Wrench, pg. 319, Marlowe, pg. 258, Wikipedia)

Ullswater: A teenage peer of Alfred’s, who attended King’s College. (Marlowe, pg. 3)

Von Rappard, Sophie: Alfred’s grandmother on his father’s side. (Marlowe, pg. 1)

Webb, Beatrice: A relative (perhaps wife of) Sidney Webb, a friend of Milner’s, and founding member of the Coefficients Club (Marlowe, pgs. 176, 188 footnote # 1)


 * Wells, H.G.: A science fiction writer and member of Alfred's "The Monday Night Cabal".


 * West, Sir Algernon: The prior head of Inland Revenue, who offered Alfred his job (probably at the request of Goschen) in 1892. In 1921, LM and Violet purchased West’s house at 13 Manchester Square. (Thompson, pg. 92, O’Brien, ???)


 * Wilson, Henry: An “Irishman” (born in Ireland to English parents, and raised English), and a British officer, Wilson was a staff officer to Lord Roberts in South Africa and known to LM. When Wilson became Director of Military Operations, LM dined with him on 11/14/13.  LM picked him in 1918 to replace William Robertson as CIGS.   He was assassinated by the IRA in 1922.

Places
Ascot: Lord Robert’s home. (O’Brien pg. 243)

Bateman’s: The manor house of Rudyard Kipling, on the Kent-Sussex border. It was located next to Great Wigsell, purchased for Lady Edward in 1907 (just 40 miles from Sturry Court). (O’Brien, pgs. 234-235)


 * Claridge's: a restaurant in London, Joseph Chamberlain held a luncheon here for LM on 25 May 01.


 * Cliveden:

Criccieth: Lloyd George’s home in North Wales. (Marlowe, pg. 282, O’Brien, pg. 287)

Danny Park: Lord Riddell’s country home (a mansion) in Sussex (Marlowe, pg. 313), used for war cabinet business (mentioned 22 Aug. 1917). It was rented by Lloyd George, with his wife and secretary, for 4 months in 1918. Imperial War Cabinet meetings were held here, including deciding on terms for the Armistice on 13 October 1918. (Wikipedia)


 * Ems: A hotel or spa mentioned in Marlowe, pgs. 197, nose operation recuperation in 1911, & pg. 199, to cure a throat problem in 1912.


 * Goring by the Sea: A resort town on the south coast of England, close to Walton Heath.

Guildhall, London: mentioned in Wrench, pg. 227


 * Groote Schuur: Cecil Rhodes’s estate in South Africa.

Hatfield: Prime Minister Salisbury’s home. (Thompson, pg. 92)

Hassocks: (mentioned in O’Brien, pg. 318)

Henley Rectory: rented by Alfred in August 1896. (mentioned in O'Brien, pg. 125)

Highbury: Joseph Chamberlain’s Birmingham home. (O’Brien, pg. 98)

Hotel Cecil: Alfred made a speech there on 24 May 06 (Marlowe, pg. 172) Irene: Jan Smut’s farm in the Transvaal. (Marlowe, pg. 361)

Lansdowne House: 9 Fitzmaurice Place, London (mentioned on 4 Aug 14).

Limpsfield: Lord Riddle's House (see 14 July 18) A village in the South of England. (wikipedia)


 * Lindfield: The town where Danny Park is located. the two names are used interchangeralby.


 * Mansion House (also Tring Park Mansion): Lord Rothchild's home.

Marble Arch: F.S. Oliver's home in Hereford Gardens. (Wrench, pg. 307)

Newlands: Alfred Milner’s house? In Cape Town (Wikipedia says it is a suburb of Cape Town). It is next door to Groote Schuur. (Thompson, pg. 123)

Palmerston Club: a group Alfred addressed in London in June 1891. (Obrien, pg. 98)

Plas Newdd: Lord Anglesey’s home. The Kindergarten met there in 1907. (O’Brien, pg. 238)

Portland Place: the home of George Goschen. (Thompson, pg. 43)

SeaCox Heath (near Hawkhurst): The country estate of George Goschen. (Thompson, pg. 43)

Smith Square: Geoffrey Dawson's home. (Wrench, pg. 306)


 * Somerset House: The offices of the Chancellor of the Exchequer and Inland Revenue.

Sutton Place: Alfred Harmsworth’s (Lord Northcliffe’s) tudor country house. (Thompson, pg. 263)


 * Walton Heath: Lloyd Georges’ home, an hour’s drive south of London.

Westgate on Sea: Austen Chamberlain's house (mentioned on 1 Aug 14).

Woldingham: A cottage on the North Downs rented by Leo Amery, and where Lord Milner resided in the summer of 1917 and 1918 (to get away from London). (Marlowe, pg. 283)

Places in France
Hotel Crillion: A French hotel in Paris where the British War Cabinet often stayed. (Roskill, Vol II, pg. 349)

Trianon Palace Hotel: A hotel in Versailles where the British SWC members stayed. (mentioned in Amery, Vol II, pg. 128)

The Villa Romaine: A hotel in Versailles secured in November 1917 for Wilson, Lord Duncannon, Sackville-West and Amery. (Amery, Vol. II, pg 128)

Clubs
Coefficients Club: Formed in 1902, dissolved in 1909. (A nice description in Marlowe, pg. 188, footnote # 1)

Compatriots: Started in 1904 by Leo Amery, when he got tired of arguments in the Coefficient’s Club. When LM returned in 195, Amery asked him to join, and he soon became its President. Its members were Leo Maxe, H.J. Mackinder, W.A., …… (Marlowe, pgs. 178-179). Active until 1914. (O’Brien, pg. 231). The club was revived by Amery in late 1923. (O’Brien, pg. 380)

Die-Hards (Ditchers) v Hedgers (Halsbury Club): The Die-Hards were Unionists (Imperialists) who would not give in to the liberal Parliament Bill. The Die-Hards lost by 17 votes on 8/10/11, with Lord Curzon leading the way for the Hedgers. (Marlowe, pg. 197) Milner was a member of the Halsbury Club, along with Austen Chamberlain. (O’Brien, pg. 245). Although they didn’t say so, most were unhappy with Balfour as leader of the Opposition.


 * Fabian Society: An influential, forward looking socialist club that Leo Amery, and later Lord Milner, joined.

The Monday Night Cabal: A ‘ginger group’ formed by LM, consisting of half a dozen of his friends who got together every Monday night to talk politics and effect change. It started January 16, 1916 and continued into 1917. The group had strong ties to journalism. (O’Brien, pg. 266)

National Service League: An organization that, “never really got off the ground”. (Marlowe, pg. 182).

New University Club: An organization Alfred joined as a journalist in 1883. (O’Brien, pg. 55)

Restaurants

 * Ambarum: Lord Milner dined here 11/86. (in Cambridge)


 * Athenaeum: Lord Milner dined here 3/12/14,


 * Brooks Club: Lord Milner dined here in early 1895, early Jan. 1896, 11/14/13,


 * Café Monico: Lord Milner dined here 3/27/97,

Cavendish Hotel: Lord Milner invited Bonar law to dinner here 1/16/12. (Thompson, pg. 285)


 * Chequers: Lord Milner dined here 1/8/21,

Criterion: After the passing of the budget, the Conservative Party banquet for Goschen was held here in May 1887. (Thompson, pg. 58)


 * Halsbury Club: Lord Milner dined here 3/11/14,


 * St. John Broderick’s: Lord Milner dined here in early 1895,

Publications
The Covenanter: A pro English magazine about Ireland, with the motto, "Put your trust in God and keep your powder dry". Lord Milner and his colleagues news stories for this magazine in 1914. (Gollin, pg. 187)