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The sanctions and Anti-Money Laundering Act 2018 is an Act of parliament that [add more information later]

Power to make sanctions regulations
The Act allows the secretary of state or the treasury to make sanctions in order to:


 * 1) Comply with a UN obligation
 * 2) Comply with any other international obligation
 * 3) To further the prevention of terrorism, be it in the UK or otherwise
 * 4) To further national security interests
 * 5) To further international peace interests
 * 6) To further a foreign policy objective
 * 7) To promote the resolution of armed conflicts
 * 8) To protect civilians in conflict zones
 * 9) To promote compliance with or respect for Human Rights laws
 * 10) To sanction gross human rights violations
 * 11) To promote compliance with international humanitarian law
 * 12) To aid efforts to prevent the spread and use of weapons and materials of mass destruction

Designated persons, Specified ships Disqualified ships and Disqualified aircraft
In creating sanction a minister can sanction Designated persons, Specified ships and Disqualified aircraft.

A Designated person is an individual, group of individuals or an organisation designated under the sanctions. Designation of persons can be done by either name or description. Any designated person must be notified of any designation, variation or revocation as is reasonable to do so. The minister must have reason to believe that a person is involved with the with the activities specified in the sanctions (e.g. is believed to be a member of a terrorist organisation) to make them a designated person.

[add specified ships info]

A Disqualified ship is any vessel (including hovercraft) except for military or air-force ships of any country that is disqualified under the sanctions. A ship can be disqualified on the basis of being owned, controlled, chartered, operated or crewed by designated persons, persons connected with a prescribed country or a prescribed description of persons connected with a prescribed country, or ships that are registered in a prescribed country, flying the flag of a prescribed country or originating from a prescribed country.

A Disqualified aircraft is any aircraft (including unmanned aircraft and aircraft capable of spaceflight activities) except for the naval, military or air-force aircraft of any country that is disqualified under the sanctions. A ship can be disqualified on the basis of being owned, chartered or operated by designated persons, persons connected with a prescribed country, a prescribed description of persons connected with a prescribed country or aircraft that are registered in a prescribed country or originating from a prescribed country.

Types of sanctions
The Act allows the secretary of state or the treasury to impose financial, trade and immigration sanctions among others.

Financial sanctions
The minister creating the sanctions may impose the following sanctions relating to finance;


 * 1) freeze funds or economic resources owned, held or controlled by designated persons;
 * 2) preventing financial services from being provided to, or for the benefit of—
 * 3) designated persons,
 * 4) persons connected with a prescribed country, or
 * 5) a prescribed description of persons connected with a prescribed country;
 * 6) preventing financial services from being procured from, or for the benefit of—
 * 7) designated persons,
 * 8) persons connected with a prescribed country, or
 * 9) a prescribed description of persons connected with a prescribed country;
 * 10) preventing funds or economic resources from being made available to, or for the benefit of—
 * 11) designated persons,
 * 12) persons connected with a prescribed country, or
 * 13) a prescribed description of persons connected with a prescribed country;
 * 14) preventing funds or economic resources from being received from—
 * 15) designated persons,
 * 16) persons connected with a prescribed country, or
 * 17) a prescribed description of persons connected with a prescribed country;
 * 18) preventing financial services from being provided, where the services relate to financial products, or financial products of a prescribed description, issued by designated persons;
 * 19) preventing persons from owning, controlling or having a prescribed interest in persons (other than individuals) which are—
 * 20) designated persons,
 * 21) persons connected with a prescribed country, or
 * 22) a prescribed description of persons connected with a prescribed country;
 * 23) impose prohibitions or requirements for the purpose of preventing persons from entering into, or continuing to be a party to, arrangements for commercial purposes, or for prescribed commercial purposes, with—
 * 24) designated persons,
 * 25) persons connected with a prescribed country, or
 * 26) a prescribed description of persons connected with a prescribed country;

Immigration sanctions
The minister creating the sanctions may impose the following sanctions relating to immigration under section 8B of the Immigration Act 1971;


 * 1) A Designated person must be refused—
 * 2) leave to enter the United Kingdom;
 * 3) leave to remain in the United Kingdom

Trade sanctions
to do later

Aircraft sanctions
The minister creating the sanctions may impose the following sanctions relating to Aircraft;


 * 1) detain disqualified aircraft within the United Kingdom, or controlling the movement of disqualified aircraft within the United Kingdom and the airspace over the United Kingdom;
 * 2) ensuring that disqualified aircraft—
 * 3) do not overfly the United Kingdom, or
 * 4) leave the airspace over the United Kingdom;
 * 5) preventing persons from owning, chartering or operating aircraft registered in a prescribed country;
 * 6) preventing aircraft from being registered in a prescribed country;
 * 7) preventing the registration of—
 * 8) aircraft in which a designated person holds a prescribed interest (or designated persons, taken together, hold a prescribed interest), or
 * 9) aircraft chartered by demise to designated persons.

Shipping sanctions
The minister creating the sanctions may impose the following sanctions relating to Shipping;


 * 1) detain within the United Kingdom, or controlling the movement within the United Kingdom of—
 * 2) disqualified ships
 * 3) specified ships
 * 4) ensuring that disqualified ships or specified ships—
 * 5) do not enter the United Kingdom, or
 * 6) leave the United Kingdom
 * 7) preventing persons from owning, controlling, chartering or operating—
 * 8) ships registered in a prescribed country,
 * 9) ships flying the flag of a prescribed country, or
 * 10) specified ships;
 * 11) preventing ships from—
 * 12) being registered in a prescribed country, or
 * 13) flying the flag of a prescribed country;
 * 14) preventing the registration of—
 * 15) ships in which a designated person holds a prescribed interest (or designated persons, taken together, hold a prescribed interest),
 * 16) ships in which persons connected with a prescribed country hold a prescribed interest, or
 * 17) specified ships

Repeals
The following Acts are partially repealed by this Act:


 * Senior Courts Act 1981
 * Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000
 * Counter-Terrorism Act 2008
 * Charities Act 2011
 * Electronic Money Regulations 2011
 * Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act 2012
 * Financial Services Act 2012
 * Counter-Terrorism and Security Act 2015
 * Investigatory Powers Act 2016
 * Payment Services Regulations 2017
 * Sanctions and Anti-Money Laundering Act 2018

Notable events
On 1 May 2018, the UK House of Commons, without opposition, added the "Magnitsky amendment" to the Sanctions and Anti-Money Laundering Bill that allowed the British government to impose sanctions on people who commit gross human rights violations.

By 12 July 2020, the Act was being used to sanction 49 individuals, of whom 25 were Russian, 20 were Saudi Arabian, two were from Myanmar and two organisations were North Korean. Chief Executive of Hong Kong Carrie Lam was mentioned in Parliament by both parties that month in connection with the Act.

From the 31st December 2020, types of sanctions in the UK have changed due to Brexit and it is important that all organisations comply with and understand the new laws.