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The first Judges of the African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights were elected on January 22, 2006 at the Eighth Ordinary Session of the Executive Council of the African Union. The eleven judges, hailing from 11 of the 53 member states of the African Union, are from backgrounds varying in levels of judicial experience and knowledge of international and human rights law. The judges are listed below in alphabetical order according to their country of origin. Each entry provides the length of the judge-elect's term, as well as the judge-elect’s position at the time of election, other positions held and publications.

DR. FATSAH OUGUERGOUZ (ALGERIA)
4-year term

Position at Time of Election: Secretary of the International Court of Justice

Other Positions Held


 * Member, Board of Directors of the Institute for   Human Rights & Development (Gambia)
 * Associate Editor, African Yearbook of International Law
 * Legal Officer, International Court of Justice
 * Human Rights Officer, Rwanda
 * Associate Legal Officer, U.N. Institute of African Studies and Center for the Study of Human Rights
 * Associate Legal Office, United Nations Office of Legal Affairs, New York
 * Professor of International Law, University of Geneva Faculty of Law
 * International Editorial Advisory Board Member, African Human Rights Law Journal

Publications


 * (with Djacoba Liva Tehindrazanarivelo) The question of secession in Africa, in MARCELO G. KOHEN ED., SECESSION: INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES (New York: Cambridge University Press, forthcoming)
 * L’application de la Charte africaine des droits de l’Homme et des peuples par les autorités nationales en Afrique occidentale, in JEAN-FRANÇOIS FLAUSS AND ELISABETH LAMBERT-ABDELGAWAD, EDS., L’APPLICATION NATIONALE DE LA CHARTE AFRICAINE DES DROITS DE L’HOMME ET DES PEUPLES (2004)
 * THE AFRICAN CHARTER ON HUMAN AND PEOPLES' RIGHTS: A COMPREHENSIVE AGENDA FOR HUMAN DIGNITY AND SUSTAINABLE DEMOCRACY IN AFRICA (2003)
 * La Palestine et les Conventions de Genève du 12 août 1949 ou l'histoire d'une adhésion avortée, in LAURENCE BOISSON DE CHAZOURNES AND VERA GOWLLAND-DEBBAS EDS., ORDRE JURIDIQUE INTERNATIONAL, UN SYSTEME EN QUETE D’EQUITÉ ET D’UNIVERSALITÉ: LIBER AMICORUM GEORGE ABI-SAAB (2001)
 * LA CHARTE AFRICAINE DES DROITS DE L'HOMME ET DES PEUPLES: UNE APPROCHE JURIDIQUE DES DROITS DE L'HOMME ENTRE TRADITION ET MODERNITÉ (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1993)
 * The Establishment of an African court of Human And Peoples’ Rights: A Judicial Première for the African Union, 11 AFRICAN YEARBOOK OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 79 (2003)
 * Les mécanismes continentaux de protection de la personne humaine en Afrique - Gros plan sur la Commission africaine des droits de l'homme et des peuples, 10 U.N. OBSERVER (2001)
 * (with Mohammed Bedjaoui) Le forum prorogatum devant la Cour internationale de Justice: les ressources d'une institution ou la face cachée du consensualisme, 5 AFRICAN YEARBOOK OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 91 (1997)
 * La tragédie rwandaise du printemps 1994: quelques considérations sur les premières réactions de l'Organisation des Nations Unies, 100 (1) REVUE GENERALE DE DROIT INTERNATIONAL PUBLIC 149 (1996)
 * L'absence de clause de dérogation dans certains traités relatifs aux droits de l'homme: Les reponses du droit international général, 98 REVUE GENERALE DE DROIT INTERNATIONAL PUBLIC 287 (1994)
 * The Bamako Convention on Hazardous Waste: A new step in the development of the African international environmental law, 1 AFRICAN YEARBOOK OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 195 (1993)
 * The International Law of Human Rights in Africa: Basic documents and annotated bibliography, compiled by M. Hamelengwa and others, 1 AFRICAN YEARBOOK OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 221 (1993) (Book review)

JEAN EMILE SOMDA (BURKINA FASO)
2-year term

Position at Time of Election: Member of the Constitutional Council, the constitutional court of Burkina Faso.

Other Positions Held


 * Legal adviser to the Minister of Justice
 * Advisor to the Constitutional Council
 * Minister for Public Service and Institutional Development
 * Judge, Constitutional Court
 * President, Tribunal of Kaya
 * President of the Chamber of the Court of Appeals of Ouaga
 * Member, Independent Commission of Inquiry into the case of Norbert Zongo

DR. GERARD NIYUNGEKO (BURUNDI)
6-year term

Position at Time of Election: Professor of Law at the University of Burundi at Bujumbura. There, he holds the UNESCO Chair in Education for Peace and conflicts resolution. Dr. Niyungeko is also a consultant to the Political Affairs Commission of the African Union.

Other Positions Held


 * Member, Editorial Committee of the Research Group on the Democratic, Economic and Social Development of Africa (current)
 * Visiting Professor in International Law, Free University of Brussels (2002-2003)
 * International expert, United Nations Program for development in the judicial domain and in the domain of human rights (2002)
 * Counsel for Niger, Boundary Dispute between Niger and Benin, International Court of Justice (2002)
 * Member, Implementation Monitoring Committee for the Arusha Accord for Peace and Reconciliation in Burundi (2000)
 * Member, Association for the Development of Education in Africa Working Group on Higher Education (1999)
 * Member, Burundi delegation to the diplomatic conference of the United Nations on the creation of the International Criminal Court (1998)
 * Vice Rector, University of Burundi (1997-2000)
 * President, Constitutional Court of Burundi (1992-1996)
 * Legal representative, Great Lakes University
 * Member, Committee forming the Tribunal of the Preferential Trade Area for Eastern and Southern African States (1991-1995)
 * President, Constitutional Commission of Burundi (1991-1992)
 * Counsel for Burundi, LAFICO v. Holding arabe burundo libyen (HALB), International Arbitral Tribunal, Brussels (1990-1991)
 * Counsel for Burundi, Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo (Democratic Republic of Congo v. Burundi), International Court of Justice (1999-2000)

Publications


 * LA PREUVE DEVANT LES JURIDICTIONS INTERNATIONALES (Brussels: Bruylant, forthcoming)
 * LES DROITS DE L’HOMME, COURS DESTINÉ AUX FORMATEURS (Bujumbura, 1994)
 * L'impact du programme d'adjustement structurel sur le respect des droits économiques et sociaux au Burundi, 32 REVUE BELGE 8 (1999)
 * La mise en oeuvre du droit international humanitaire et le principe de la souveraineté des Etats, INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF THE RED CROSS 113 (1991)
 * Dr. Niyungeko is also the author of several training manuals on human rights

SOPHIA A.B. AKUFFO (GHANA)
2-year term

Position at Time of Election: Judge of the Supreme Court of Ghana

Other Positions Held


 * Member, Governing Committee of the Commonwealth Judicial Education Institute
 * Chairperson, Alternative Dispute Resolution Task Force

Publications


 * The Application of Information & Communication Technology in the Judicial Process – the Ghanaian Experience, Presentation to the African Judicial Network Ghana (2002)

Judicial Writings


 * New Patriotic Party v Attorney-General (also referred to as the CIBA case) [1997 ICHRL 24 (12 March 1997)]

KELLELO JUSTINA MASAFO-GUNI (LESOTHO)
4-year term

Position at Time of Election: Justice on the High Court of Lesotho since 1995 when she became the first woman ever on the Court.

Other Positions Held


 * Crown Counsel, Ministry of Justice (1970-1974)
 * Private Practitioner in Lesotho, Zimbabwe and England

Judicial Writings


 * Ntsapo Petlane (Born Makunya) v Mathe Petlane & Another (Duly assisted).  CIV/APN/476/9825. August 1999
 * R. Potoketsi v. Rex. CRI/A/22/98 . 15 February 1999
 * African Oxygen Ltd v. Stm Marketing & Agencies Ltd & Another. CIV/APN/191/99, CIV/APN/270/99.  7 April 2000
 * Ned Bank (Lesotho) Ltd v. Sotho Development Corporation (Pty) Ltd. CIV/T/450/99.  23 May 2000
 * Rex v. Lisebo Mokhoro. CRI/T/39/96. 24 November 2000.
 * Theresia Leoma v. Makhang Leoma. CIV/APN/465/99, CIV/APN/520/99. 8 August 2000

HAMDI FARAJ FANOUSH (LIBYA)
4-year term

Position at Time of Election: Senior judge in Libya

MODIBO TOUNTY GUINDO (MALI)
6-year term

Position at Time of Election: Magistrate in the Ministry of Justice

Other Positions Held


 * Technical Counsel, Ministry of Justice
 * Member, Malian Delegation to the 2003 Conference of Governmental Structures responsible for Human Rights in the French-speaking zone

JEAN MUTSINZI (RWANDA)
6-year term

Position at Time of Election: Justice of the Supreme Court of Justice since 2003

Other Positions Held


 * Member, Council of the Wise, Rwanda Association of Jurists.
 * Senior Lecturer in Private International Law, Kigali Independent University
 * Executive Secretary, Legal and Constitutional Commission of the Rwanda Republic (2000-2003)
 * Judge, COMESA Court of Justice (2001)
 * President, Superior Council of the Judiciary (1995-1999)
 * President, Supreme Court of Justice (1995-1999)
 * Secretary of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (1989-1994)
 * Chief Legal Adviser, Organization of African Unity (1982-1995)
 * Private Practitioner, Zaire (1966-1982)
 * Lecturer in Public and Private International Law, International Organizations and Maritime and Air Law at the National University of Zaire, Faculty of Social, Political and Economic Sciences (1966- 1982)
 * Director of Research, University of Brussels (1964-1966)

EL HADJI GUISSÉ (SENEGAL)
4-year term

Position at Time of Election: Special Rapporteur on the enjoyment of economic, social and cultural rights and the promotion of the right to drinking water supply and sanitation for the United Nations Sub-Commission on Promotion and Protection of Human Rights

Other Positions Held


 * Expert, Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights
 * Chairperson and Rapporteur, Working Group on the Working Methods and Activities of Transnational Corporations, United Nations Commission on Human Rights Sub-Commission on the Promotion of Protection of Human Rights, Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
 * Member, Working Group on Indigenous Populations, United Nations Commission on Human Rights Sub-Commission on the Promotion of Protection of Human Rights, Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
 * Chairman, Commission on Human Rights Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities
 * President of the Human Sciences Commissions, UNESCO National Commission
 * President of the Court of Appeal of Dakar (1998)
 * Special Rapporteur, Commission On Human Rights Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities
 * President, National Press Card Commission

Publications


 * Right to Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation, 34 (6) ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AND LAW 287 (2004)

United Nations Reports


 * “Draft Guidelines For The Realization Of The Right To Drinking Water And Sanitation,” United Nations Document E/CN.4/Sub.2/2005/25 (2005)
 * “Relationship between the Enjoyment of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and the Promotion of the Realization of the Right to Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation, Final Report of the Special Rapporteur,” Geneva, United Nations Document E/CN.4/Sub.2/2004/20 (2004)
 * Working Paper for the United Nations Social Forum, “The Effect of Debt on Human Rights,” United Nations Document E/CN. 4/Sub. 2/2004/27 (2004)
 * "Review of developments pertaining to the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedom of indigenous people: Principal theme: "Indigenous peoples and globalization"", Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights, Working Group on Indigenous Populations, Twenty-first session, 21-25 July 2003, E/CN.4/Sub.2/AC.4/2003/14 (5) (2003)
 * Working Paper on the Promotion of the Realization of the Right of Everyone to Access to Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Services United Nations Document E/CN.4/Sub.2/1998/7 (1998)
 * “The Realization of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: Final Report on the Question of the Impunity of Perpetrators of Human Rights Violations,” U.N. Comm. Hum. Rts., 49th Sess., United Nations Document E/CN.4/Sub.2/1997/8 (1997)

BERNARD NGOEPE (SOUTH AFRICA)
2-year term

Position at Time of Election: President of the Pretoria High Court

Other Positions Held


 * Chancellor, University of South Africa
 * Chairperson, Magistrates’ Commission
 * Member, United Nations Environment Programme Global Alliance of Judges on Environmental Law and participant in the United Nations Environment Programme Global Judges Programme Initiatives
 * Member, Court of Military Appeals
 * Chairperson, Military Legal Services Division Review Council
 * Military Appeals. Judge President, Transvaal Provincial Division of the High Court of South Africa
 * Acting Judge, Supreme Court of Appeal in Bloemfontein
 * Member, Truth and Reconciliation Commission Amnesty Committee
 * Acting Judge, Constitutional Court of South Africa (1995)
 * Judge, Transvaal Provincial Division of the High Court of South Africa
 * Member, Technical Committee on Constitutional Issues (the Committee drafted the Constitution)
 * Senior Counsel, High Court of South Africa
 * Advocate, High Court of South Africa
 * Founding Member, Black Lawyers Association
 * Private Practice (1976-1983)

Publications and Judicial Writings


 * Final report: Commission of Inquiry into the Ellis Park Stadium Soccer Disaster of 11 April 2001.(2002)

Judge Ngoepe is also the 1998 recipient of the South African Human Rights Award

GEORGE W. KANYEIHAMBA (UGANDA)
2-year term

Position at Time of Election: Member of the Supreme Court of Uganda since 1997; Chancellor of Kampala International University; Chancellor of Kabale University.

Other Positions Held


 * Member of the Uganda Human Rights Initiative
 * Chairman, The Committee on Judges' Terms and Conditions of Service
 * Legal Advisor to the President of Uganda on Human Rights and International Affairs
 * Chairman, Board of Trustees of the Kabala University
 * Chairman, Legal and Drafting Committee of the Constituent Assembly
 * Chair, International Commission of Jurists Advisory Panel of Eminent Commonwealth Judicial Experts
 * Expert, Organization of African Unity and United Nations High Commission for Refugees Meeting of Government and Non-Government Experts on the 30th Anniversary of the 1969 OAU Refugee Convention, 27 - 29 March 2000
 * Member, Uganda National Legislature
 * Minister of Commerce
 * Minister of Justice
 * Attorney General

Publications


 * Reflections of a Judge on the Death Penalty in Uganda, 2(1) THE UGANDAN LIVING LAW JOURNAL (2004)(published by the Uganda Law Reform Commission)
 * CANON JOHN BIKANGAGA HIS LIFE AND SERVICE (Kampala: Centenary Pub. House, 2003)
 * CONSTITUTIONAL AND POLITICAL HISTORY OF UGANDA: FROM 1894 TO THE PRESENT (Kampala: Centenary Pub. House, 2002)
 * REFLECTIONS ON UGANDA MUSLIM LEADERSHIP CRISIS (1998)
 * REFLECTIONS ON THE MUSLIM LEADERSHIP QUESTION IN UGANDA (Kampala: Fountain Publishers, 1998)
 * RETURNEES AND REFUGEES: EEC MISSION TO UGANDA (with Barbara Harrell-Bond) (Oxford: Refugee Studies Programme, 1986)
 * URBAN LEGAL PROBLEMS IN EASTERN AFRICA (edited with Patrick McAuslan)(Uppsala: Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1978)
 * CONSTITUTIONAL LAW AND GOVERNMENT IN UGANDA: THE THEORY AND PRACTICE OF CONSTITUTIONALISM IN UGANDA INCLUDING THE GOVERNMENT AND LOCAL ADMINISTRATIONS, THE CITIZEN AND THE STATE, ADMINISTRATIVE LAW, THE EAST AFRICAN COMMUNITY, AND THE COMMONWEALTH (Nairobi: East African Literature Bureau, 1975)
 * URBAN PLANNING LAW IN EAST AFRICA: WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO UGANDA, (PROGRESS IN PLANNING) (Pergamon Press, 1973)