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The association was created as a complementary all-female version of the male-only Real Sociedad Económica Matritense de Amigos del País to provide a public space for women during the Enlightenment period, following the honorary admission of María Isidra Quintina de Guzmán y de la Cerda y María Josefa Alfonso Pimentel y Téllez-Girón. Various public figures participated in the debate over the inclusion of women in the society, including Melchor Gaspar de Jovellanos, Francisco de Cabarrús, and Josefa Amar y Borbón.

[The Junta de Damas] was officiated by Royal Order 27 on the 27th of August, 1787, and its official inauguration took place in the Madrid Town Hall on the 5th of October of that same year. Its objectives were to "establish and maintain good education, lead by example and light to improve society, introduce a love of work, and improve industry." Its statutes were approved by Carlos IV in 1794, and were later ratified in 1851 and again in 1905.

The first president of the Junta de Damas de Honor y Mérito was María Josefa Alfonso Pimentel y Téllez-Girón, Duchess of Osuna.

Add: more info on the Duchess of Osuna, a section about their statutes, their accomplishments, their schools, their social work.