User:Lrambaran/sandbox

1) Do the group’s edits substantially improve the article as described in the Wikipedia peer review “Guiding framework”?

Yes, the article has a cohesive order of topics that walks the reader through a rheumatoid nodule and how to diagnosis and treat it. The lead section is easy to understand and provides a good summary, definition, and background for the reader. There is also a clear structure with appropriate headers, as well as balanced coverage of all of the subsections and provides neutral, unbiased material. The article heavily references reliable sources such as peer-reviewed journals and databases such as Up to Date that is written by medical professionals.

2) Has the group achieved its overall goals for improvement?

The group achieved their goal of adding citations to the initial version and added sections on pathology, prevalence, pathophysiology, and diagnosis. However, more data could be added to the treatment section to achieve their goal.

Suggestions:


 * Add a "see also" section to direct the reader to similar topics
 * Provide an image of how a nodule looks on the skin to the naked eye - multiple images with different skin tones
 * How a nodule can be identified by a non-medical professional (if possible)
 * Diagnosis section - who is doing the diagnosis? What type of physician would treat and diagnose this?

4) Is there any evidence of plagiarism or copyright violation? If yes, specify…

There is no evidence of plagiarism or copyright violation based on a random sampling of the citations and comparison to the added material.

Diagnostic categories of sexual disorders are listed in both the ICD-10 and DSM-5. ICD-10 categorizes the disorders by sexual desire, sexual arousal, orgasm, and sexual pain, while DSM-5 cateogorizes the dysfunctions by gender, substance/medication induced, paraphilic, or gender dysphoria.

Laboratory tests may also be used to assist with diagnosis, such as blood glucose levels, lipid panel, and hormonal profile.

Septic abortion: Septic abortion

Improvements: include more stats about septic abortion, more info about causes (ex. specific bacterial strains), add diagnosis section, more info about treatment

These changes might add more depth to the article. They may be concerned that this depth of information is confusing or too much information for a less health literate patient so I would try to provide background so everyone can understand the information.


 * Is everything in the article relevant to the article topic? Is there anything that distracted you?
 * Is any information out of date? Is anything missing that could be added?
 * What else could be improved?
 * Is the article neutral? Are there any claims that appear heavily biased toward a particular position?
 * Are there viewpoints that are overrepresented, or underrepresented?
 * Check a few citations. Do the links work? Does the source support the claims in the article?
 * Is each fact referenced with an appropriate, reliable reference? Where does the information come from? Are these neutral sources? If biased, is that bias noted
 * What kinds of conversations, if any, are going on behind the scenes about how to represent this topic?
 * How is the article rated? Is it a part of any WikiProjects?
 * How does the way Wikipedia discusses this topic differ from the way we've talked about it in class?

Good sources:


 * Textbooks
 * Literature reviews
 * Books or publications written by experts in the field, and published by reliable publishers.

Sexual medicine

Lengthen and elaborate on the definition of sexual medicine.

- sexual medicine vs reproductive medicine

Sexual medicine is a branch of medicine concerning the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disorders of the sexual organs. Examples of disorders treated with sexual medicine are erectile dysfunction, hypogonadism, and prostate cancer. Sexual medicine often utilizes a multidisciplinary approach involving physicians, mental health professionals, social workers, and sex therapists. Sexual medicine physicians often approach treatment with medicine and surgery, while sex therapists often focus on behavioral treatments.

Sexual medicine differs from reproductive medicine. Sexual medicine addresses disorders of the sexual organs or psyche as it relates to sexual pleasure, mental health, and well-being, while reproductive medicine addresses disorders of organs that affect reproductive potential.

The International Society for Sexual Medicine (ISSM) was established in 1978 with the goal of encouraging research and developing methods of diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of disorders of sexual function.

It consists of more than 2000 members from 89 countries and includes the following regional organizations:


 * European Society for Sexual Medicine (ESSM)
 * Sexual Medicine Society of North America (SMSNA)
 * Sociedad Latino-Americana de Medicina Sexual (SLAMS)
 * Asian Pacific Society for Sexual Medicine (APSSM)
 * Middle East Society for Sexual Medicine (MESSM)
 * South Asian Society for Sexual Medicine (SASSM)
 * International Society for the Study of Women’s Sexual Health (ISSWSH)

- culture of sexual treatment

- education/training not very well

General approaches to treatment

Once a diagnosis of sexual dysfunction has been made, approaches to treatment is often integrative and individualized.

Male sexual dysfunction

The most common male sexual dysfunction disorders are erectile dysfunction (ED), low libido, and ejaculatory dysfunction.

Once etiology and cardiovascular risk factors for ED have been identified, lifestyle or non-pharmacological therapy can be initiated to mitigate risk factors. As of 2018, the American Urological Association (AUA) ED guidelines recommended shared medical decision-making between patient and provider over first-, second-. and third-line therapies. However, phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitors, such as sildenafil (Viagra) and tadalafil (Cialis), are often recommended due to their favorable efficacy and side effect profile and work by increasing the lifespan of the vasodilator nitric oxide in the corpus cavernosum. Alternative treatments for ED are the use of vacuum-assisted erection devices, intracavernosal injection or intraurethral administration of alprostadil (prostaglandin E1), and surgery if necessary.

Treatment for decreased libido is often directed towards the cause of the low libido. Low levels of hormones such as testosterone, serum prolactin, TSH, and estradiol can be associated with low libido, and thus hormone replacement therapy is often used to restore the levels of these hormones in the body. Low libido can also be secondary to use of medications such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), and so reduction of dose of the SSRI is used to improve libido. Additionally, low libido due to psychological causes is often approached with psychotherapy.

Similarly, treatment of ejaculatory dysfunction such as premature ejaculation is dependent on the etiology, but SSRIs, topical anesthetics, and psychotherapy are commonly used to treat premature ejaculation.

- clinical approach

The treatment of female sexual dysfunction is varied as multiple causes are often identified. Following evaluation of symptoms, screening, history, and diagnosis, the woman's goals for treatment are determined and used to track progress. Health professionals are also trained to include the woman's sexual partner in the treatment plan, including noting any sexual dysfunction of the partner. Referral of the woman or couple to a sex therapist is also common to increase communication and expression of concerns and desires. Finally, conditions associated with the documented sexual dysfunction are simultaneously treated and included in the treatment plan.

Non-pharmacologic treatment for female sexual dysfunction can include lifestyle modifications, biofeedback, and physical therapy. Pharmacologic therapy can include topical treatments, hormone therapy, antidepressants, and muscle relaxants.

In the DSM-IV, three female dysfunctions are listed: 1) female sexual interest/arousal disorder 2) genitopelvic pain/penetration disorder and 3) female orgasmic disorder.

Sexual dysfunction in transgender persons

Not much research has been performed on sexual dysfunction in transgender patients, but preliminary research suggests that initiating a sexual relationship is difficult for some transgender patients. One recent study published in the Journal of Sexual Medicine surveyed 518 transgender individuals about sexual dysfunction and disturbances and reported that difficulty initiating sexual encounters and difficulties achieving orgasm were the most prevalent sexual dysfunctions experienced in the study sample.

Issues can be divided into two main areas of concern:


 * disorders of the sexual organs
 * disorders of the psyche affecting sexuality

Add a section on the history of the practice.

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-52539-6_2

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20929518/

The concept of sexual medicine did not arise in North America until the latter half of the 20th century. Prior to that, open discussion of sex was seen as taboo. Psychoanalytic theories about sexuality, such as those proposed by Freud and Helene Deutsch, were considered highly controversial. It was not until the post-World War II baby boom era and the sexual revolution of the 1960s and 1970s that sex, and subsequently sexual disorders, became a topic of public discussion.

Instead, medical professionals focused largely on reproductive medicine