User:LucasFBAFJAK/sandbox

The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability. The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.The Great Depression, spanning from 1929 to the late 1930s, was a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly impacted the world. Triggered by the stock market crash on October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), speculative excesses, overproduction, and banking panics converged, plunging the global economy into turmoil.

The crash shattered investor confidence, causing widespread panic and a cascade of bank failures. Unemployment skyrocketed, reaching unprecedented levels, as businesses collapsed, factories shut down, and agricultural prices plummeted. People lost their life savings, homes, and jobs, leading to immense hardship and destitution.

Governments struggled to respond effectively, exacerbating the crisis. Protectionist policies, like high tariffs (Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act), hindered international trade, deepening the economic slump globally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal initiatives aimed to alleviate the crisis by implementing reforms, public works projects, and financial regulations to stabilize the economy and provide relief to the suffering populace.

The Great Depression's legacy reshaped economic policies worldwide, emphasizing the need for government intervention in financial markets, the establishment of social safety nets, and regulations to prevent a recurrence. It stands as a sobering reminder of the fragility of economies and the far-reaching impacts of unchecked speculation and financial instability.LucasFBAFJAK (talk) 10:12, 31 December 2023 (UTC)