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In his 1991 book, Joshua Fishman introduced an eight-level scale to measure language vitality, the Graded Intergenerational Disruption Scale (GIDS). The scale focuses on a key factor in language shift, the intergenerational transmission of a language. A higher number on the scale represents a greater level of disruption in this transmission.

In 2010, Fishman’s scale was expanded by Paul Lewis and Gary Simons of SIL International as the Expanded Graded Intergenerational Disruption Scale (EGIDS) to include more levels in order to allow for ”a finer-grained description of the state of intergenerational transmission in the presence of language shift”. The descriptions of the levels were reworded in 2014 in order to account for signed languages.