User:Luseni17/Methylococcus capsulatus

Feed Production
­­The abundant supply of natural gases in the atmosphere, reasonable cost, and cheap transportation allow this food source to be a cost-effective alternative.

A co-culture of bacteria is placed in a continuous loop fermenter with an ammonia additive as a nitrogen source. This could potentially reduce the growth of bacterial protein, so oxygen and mineral solutions are added to the fermenter. The cells that are produced are continuously harvested and processed to create the final “BioProtein” or Bacterial Meal (BM) that is used commercially as an animal feed alternative. Processing of the cells involves them being centrifuged, ultrafiltered, heat-inactivated, and spray-dried. It is important to deactivate the bacteria to reduce potential health risks when the BM is consumed. Although the bacteria used in the co-culture are nonpathogenic, the risks are minimal if processed and consumed without deactivation.

This method of animal feed production is beneficial in mitigating the abundance of natural gas in the atmosphere. Bacterial Meal has been shown to improve the quality of meat in monogastric animals after incorporating BM into their diet. Storage of butchered animal meat has exhibited increased stability and quality of frozen-stored animal meat.

Bacterial Meal contains a high content of nucleic acids, making it unsuitable for human consumption.

Commercial Use
In 1999, Norferm a subsidiary of the Norwegian oil company Statoil, opened a 10,000 tons per year plant to produce animal feed from natural gas from M. capsulatus in Tjeldbergodden, Norway. The plant was shut down in 2006 because it could not sustain operations due to the product's low prices, the product had not yet been approved by the EU, and high natural gas prices.

In 2016 Calysta, an American biotech company, opened a plant in Teesside, UK, to produce up to 100 tons of fish feed a year from natural gas using M. capsulatus. The company also announced plans to build a similar plant in Memphis, Tennessee with an eventual capacity of 200,000 ton a year with the agricultural business company Cargill. Another company, Unibio, also opened a plant to produce animal feed from natural gas in 2016 with a capacity of 80 tons per year using M. capsulatus in Kalundborg, Denmark. In 2018 a licensee of Unibio constructed an industrial scale plant in Ivangorod, Russia close to the border of Estonia. The plant has a capacity of 6,000 tonnes of protein per year.