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Gurjar is a Sanskrit word meaning enemy destroyer. Gurjar, Gujjar, Gujar, Gojar, Gurjar, Gurjar and Veer Gurjar are also known by the name.

Origin

Ancient great poet Rajasekhar has called Gurjars as Raghukul-Tilak and Raghugramini. In Rajasthan, Gurjars are respectfully called 'Mihir', which means 'Surya'. The original place of Gurjars is believed to be Gujarat and Rajasthan. Historians say that before the Mughal period, almost the whole of Rajasthan and Gujarat were known as Gurjatra (a country protected by Gurjars) or Gurjara-Bhumi.

According to Gurjar records, they are Suryavanshi and Raghuvanshi. The artwork of Ankit Suryadev on the Gujjar inscriptions from 7th to 10th century also confirms his Suryavanshi. Some historians also consider Kushans as Gurjars. Kanishka was the Kushan king whose inscriptions bear the name 'Gusur' on Ankit which points towards Gurjara itself. According to mythological belief, Gayatri Mata, who was the half-life of Brahma, was also a Gurjar. Nanda Baba, who was the foster carer of Lord Krishna, was also a Gurjar.

Hundreds of Gurjara Pratihara sculpture have also been found in Gurjar Khedi village near Ganaur in district Sonepat, Haryana. The Jamuna River used to pass through the Gurjar Khedi village once upon a time. The far-reaching ruins of Gurjar Khedi confirm that there must have been a big city here eight to nine hundred years ago.

The number of Gurjars was the highest in Aryavarta. There are three parts of Gurjar caste, first Lore Gurjar, second Dab Gurjar, third Pitlya Gurjar. The Gurjara caste of Hindus has about 1400 Gautras. During the Mughal period, most Gujars had raised their voice against the Mughals, which also resulted in the forced conversion of millions of Gujjars. Currently, there are more number of Gurjar caste among Indian Muslims.

The Gurjar caste is a supreme worshiper and heroic person who has protected Hindutva from invaders all the time. The ancestors of Gurjara caste used to graze cows first. In the Gurjara caste, in the year 968, Lord Shri Dev Maharaj was incarnated. In the Dev period, Mata Gayatri incarnated in the Chechi gotra. Panna Dhai had enhanced the pride of Gurjars during this period. It is said that the ancestors of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj and Prithvi Raj Chauhan were also Gurjars. It is also said that Bhamashah was born in the Gurjar caste itself, who gave all his money to protect Mewar. The Gurjars played an important role in the revolution of 1857.

Historians differ on the origin of the Gurjars. Some consider him a descendant of the Hunas and the children of the Aryans. According to some historians, the Gurjars were Aryan warriors from the Caucasus region of Central Asia (now Armenia and Georgia). It was the Aryans who later left their homeland India and went out.

The name of this caste also comes in the national anthem of Afghanistan. Due to the historical influence of Gurjars, many places in North India and Pakistan are named after the Gurjar caste, such as Gujarat state of India, Gujarat district of Gujarat and Pakistan, Gujranwala district and Gujar Khan town of Rawalpindi district.

Gurjara Empire

The Gurjars are mainly settled in North India, Pakistan, Kashmir, Himachal and Afghanistan. In Madhya Pradesh too, Gurjars are inhabited in most of the areas but they have a majority in Chambal-Morena. Apart from this, they have a large number in Nimar and parts of Malwa. The state of Gujarat in India, Gujranwala district in Pakistani Punjab and the city of Gujar Khan in Rawalpindi district still live here. Gurjar people formerly resided around Jodhpur in Rajasthan. For this reason, most of the central Rajasthan was known as 'Gurjarnna-Bhoomi' around the sixth century.

During the Mughal period, the Gurjars had vigorously mauled the invaders and kept the land of India for nearly 200 years. According to Arab writers, Gurjars were their worst enemies. Had the Gurjars not been there, they would have been the Arab authority over India before the 12th century.

Gurjars began to decline after the 12th century and were divided into several branches. Many castes separated from the Gurjar community later became very influential and merged into Rajput and Brahmin as well. The remaining branches turned into Gurjar tribes and started farming and animal husbandry. Due to continuous attacks and atrocities in the past, the Gurjars had to change their religion to Muslims in many places. The status of Gurjars living in Uttar Pradesh, Himachal and Jammu and Kashmir is slightly different, where both Hindus and Muslims can be seen Gurjars while in Rajasthan all Gurjars are Hindus. On the other hand, some Gurjars became Sikhs in Punjab for the protection of religion.

The Gurjars held their power after the sixth century. The Gurjars were at their peak in the 7th to 12th centuries. Bhimpal of Gujarat and his descendants were also Gurjars, who drove the Arab invaders from the Indian border for nearly 200 years. Bhinmal was the capital of the Gurjara Empire. The empire of Bharuch was also under the Gurjars. The power of the Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty extended from Kannauj to Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra and Gujarat. Mihirbhoj is considered to be the great ruler of the Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty and he fought with the Pala dynasty of Bengal and the Rashtrakuta rulers of South India.

From the ninth century to the end of the tenth century, the state of Mathura remained under the Gurjara Pratihara-rule. In this dynasty, Mihirbhoj, Mahendrapal and Mahipal were the most powerful rulers. During his time, almost the whole of North India was under one rule. Most Pratihari rulers believed in Vaishnavism or Shaivism. In the writings of that time, these kings are described as devotees of Vishnu, Shiva and Bhagwati.Historian V.A. Smith 1, William Crook 2 and Rudolf Hornley 3 consider Gurjar Pratiharo to be related to Hunas. Smith says that the evidence based on coins is very strong in this regard. 4 He says that both Hunas and Bhinmal Gujjars used coins of Sasani method. 5 Hornley considers Gurjar-Pratiharo as 'Tomar' and Pehowa inscription. Based on them, Javula describes him as a descendant of 'Taramana Hoon'. 6 The Huns who conquered North India around the fifth century were from Iranian Zurthustha religion and culture. Impressed were | 5 they were worshipers of the sun and fire, which he says Mihir and perfume respectively | He worshiped Varaha as the solar (mihir) deity. 7 Herman Goetz calls this deity not just Varaha and is called Varahamihira. My main argument is that there are many parallel religious and cultural traditions in the history of Hun and Pratiharas, which are the proof of their fundamental unity. In many ways, the history of Pratiharas has decorated their Hun heritage. The Pratihara dynasty originated from the Hunas and they carried forward the legacy of the Huns.

First of all, we will discuss about the worship of Varaha, the solar god of Hunas. Varaha puja in India began in Malwa and Gwalior areas in about 500 AD, when 8 Hunas entered here. This is where we get the initial coins and inscriptions of the Hunas. During the reign of their leader Tauraman, who established the Hun power in India, a huge statue of Varaha was installed in Eran, District Sagar, Madhya Pradesh of the same area, 9 which is the first Varaha statue received in India. The inscription of the first year of the reign of Toramana is found from this idol. 10, which is a proof that Hoon and his leader Toraman were worshipers of Varah from the time of their entry to India.

White Huns who entered India at the end of the fifth century were influenced by Iranian Zurthustha religion. At the time of entering India, Hun worshiped Varaha as the solar deity. Historian Hermann Goetz calls this deity Varahamihira. Goetz says, because Hun Mihir was a worshiper of 'Surya', so the Varah represented some dimension of the Sun for him. 11 The Mihir Yasta of the Iranian text 'Zenda Avesta' states that when Mihir 'Surya' moves So Varetraghn follows with him in the Varaha form. 12 In the Iranian Zurthustha religion, Varetraghn is the god of 'victory in war'. Therefore, sources of Varaha worship of Hunas go to the 'Mihir Yasta' of the Iranian book 'Jenda Avesta'.

In India, the Huns embraced Shaivism and emerged as the most staunch supporters of Brahminism. 13 Even the Buddhist Chinese traveler Hein Song (629-647 AD) accused the Hun emperor Mihirkul of brutally repressing the Buddhists. According to Rajaranganini, 14 Kalhan, Mihirkul Hoon constructed the Mihireshwar Shiva temple in Kashmir and donated 1000 grams to the Brahmins in Gandhar region. According to M. Campbell, stories related to Mihirkul show him as a God-like force and success, ruthless, religious war. The praises of the Rajatarangini and the rhetorical confession of Hein Song implied that he was considered a god. 16 The Jain texts have the basis of similarity in the history of Mihirakul with the 'Kalkiraj' who ruled in North India 1000 years after the death of Mahavira. But K. B.  Readers also see Mihirkul as the 'Kalki Avatar', the protector of Brahmin religion. 17 It seems that the Huns had come under the influence of Brahmin religion in Gandhar region before the conquest of North India because the Indian gods were also on the coins of the Tauranam. Can be seen. Varahamihira, the tribal god of Hunas with Iranian influence, was absorbed as the Varaha incarnation of Lord Vishnu. 18 So the inscription of the first year of his reign obtained from the giant statue of Varaha installed in Taran by Taramana with the praise of Varaha Avatar. Begins

The greatest Gurjara-Pratihara emperor Bhoja Varah was worshiped like Toraman, the leader of the Huns. Many such banquet coins have been received on which the Varaha is engraved. 19 Bhoja assumed the title of Adi Varaha 20, presumably he was considered an avatar of Varaha. Varaha was also worshiped in Kannauj, the capital of the Gurjara Pratiharas and there was also a Varaha temple. Most Varaha idols, especially those who are like pure Varaha animals, belong to the era of Gurjara-Pratiharo. 21 The Varaha idol installed in Toran by Toramana Hoon is also like a pure animal.

Under the influence of Brahmins, Hun and his descendants began to see Gurjara-Pratihara Varaha as Vishnu avatar. The Varaha avatar should be mainly associated with Hunas and Gurjara-Pratiharas. 22 Most of the idols of Varaha avatar in North India are between 500-900 AD, which is the period of Hunas and Gurjara Pratiharas. 23

The use of the surname 'Varaha' of the Hunas by Gurjara-Pratiharo is another tradition which is a clear indication towards their Hoon relationship. Varaha is called wild boar. In the fifth century a branch of Central Asian Huns invaded Europe. The same other branch defeated Iran and entered India. Varah is considered synonymous with Hunas in Europe. In Europe Varaha is considered a symbol of power and courage of Hunas. 24 In Romania and Hungary, the vast species of Varah is still called "Attila". 25 "Attila" (434-455 AD) was the leader of a group of Hunas, who defeated the Roman Empire in the fifth century and created panic in Europe. Was given. 26 In Bohemia country of Europe, the name of an ancient royal family related to the Huns is 'Boer'. 27 'Boer' means a man like Varaha. 28

Tabari describes the war between the White Huns and the Turks. According to Tabari, the last ruler of the White Huns was named Varaj. 29 Gafurov believes that 'Varaz' was the title of the rulers of eastern Iran. 30 Masons have translated 'Varaj' as 'wild boar' in the Iranian language. 31

The word Varaha has also been used for Hunas in India. Alberuni has told the founder of the Ottoman imperial dynasty of Kabul to Berhatkin. 32 Berhatkin seems to be an Arabic adaptation of Barah Tegin. Based on the description of Sung Yun, a Chinese traveler who came to India in the sixth century, it can be said that Tegin was a title of Hunas, and in Indian context, the title 'Tegin' was held by the first white Hun ruler. It was usually worn by the brother who was the brother or son of the Hun ruler. 34 Barah is the name of the Hun ruler or it is difficult to say the title. But this is an example of the use of the name Barah for the Hunas ruler in India.

The Gurjara-Pratihara emperor in India has been called Varah after Barah Tegin, the founder of the Ottoman royal dynasty in Kabul. The title of Gurjara-Pratihara Emperor Bhoj was "Varaha". Silver coins bearing the "Varaha" picture of Bhoja Mahan have been received, with the Varaha figure on which the Adi Varaha is inscribed. 35 The Arabic traveler Al Masudi (916 AD) wrote the Gurjara-Pratihara in a book titled 'Muruz-ul-Zahb'. The emperors are called "Baura" i.e. "Varaha" 36 So Varah was also a surname of Gurjara-Pratiharo like Hunas. The 'Boura' used by the Arabic historians for the Gurjara-Pratiharas and the Boer used for the Hoon royal family in Bohemia are also an equivalence.

The use of the title Mihir by Hun Emperor Mihir Kul, Gurjara-Pratihara Emperor Mihir Bhoja and modern Gurjars is a common tradition between and among them, which is the proof of their original ghost unity. Mihir is Iranian word which is synonymous with Sun. 37 Hun were worshipers of 'Mihir'. 38 Hunan title 'Mihir'. The actual name of Hun Emperor Mihir Kul (502-542 AD) was Gul and Mihir was his title. In the treatise called 'Christian Topography' by Kasmos Indicoplastus, he is written as 'Gollas'. 39 Therefore it is more appropriate to be called Mihir Gul. 'Has been written | 41

The Gurjara-Pratihara emperor Bhoj the Great (836-885 AD) records from the Sagratala and Gwalior records that he also assumed the title 'Mihir'. 42, so he is called the modern historian Mihir Bhoja, otherwise he is generally called It is said that only food.

'Mihir' still holds Gurjars honorable degrees in Rajasthan and Punjab. 43 Gurjars have inherited Mihir title from their Hun ancestors.

Another proof of the Hun heritage of Gurjara Pratiharas is the adoption of the al-Khan name of the Hunas by the Gurjar rulers of the new century 'Alkhan'. According to Rajatarangini, the ruler of Punjab, 'Alkhan' Gurjar had a war with King Shankar Varman of Kashmir (883- 902 AD). This Alkhan was a friend or feudatory of the Gurjara Pratihara kingdom of Gurjara Kannauj. Khingil, Taramana, Mihirkul, etc. The coins of the Hoon rulers have the Bakhtri language 'Alconno' inscribed on it. 44 | According to Harmat, it should be read 'Alkhan'. According to Alarm, 'Alkhan' is the name of Klein of these Hoon rulers. According to 45 Bivar, Mihirkul's successor was 'Alkhan'. 46 According to Harmat, 'Alkhan' in the Bakhtri on the coins of Hun is the same name as that of the Gurjar king mentioned in the Rajatarangini of Kalhan. It seems that even after the fall of the Hun Empire in India, the power of this family remained in Punjab and its ruler Alkhan Gurjar belonged to the family of Toramana and Mihirkul. In this way, the indirect relation of Gurjara Pratiharas was made with the house of Toraman and Mihirkul.

In the end, it is necessary to discuss the similarities between Gurjara Pratiharo and Hun Siko, mainly because Gurjars have been associated with Hunas on this basis. We have received many coins of Hunas on which the Agnaveedika of Iranian style is engraved. 48, which is the proof of their 'Aatara' i.e. fire worshipers. The 'Sasani' Iranian-style Agnaveedika appears to be about two to four feet high, near which a sacrifice is made. Two Agnsevika are shown standing before Agnivedika to protect her. Coin of Mihir Kul Hun- On the top is engraved the picture of Mihir Kul and on the other side Agni Vedika of Sasani style.

The Pratihara dynasty considers Bhinmal to belong to the state. 49 Hein Sang (629-645 AD) discusses Bhinmal. In the book named Ki as the capital of the 'Gurjar Desh'. 50 According to the book Brahmasputa theory of the astronomer Brahmagupta, Bhinmal was the rule of Vyaghramukh of the Chak dynasty. 51 A coin of Vyaghramukh has been received, but also in 'Sasani' Iranian manner. The Agnaveedika is engraved. V. A. Smith identified the coin as a coin of white Hunas, and wrote a research paper on the subject entitled "White Hun Coin of Vighramukh of the Chap (Gurjar) Dynasty of Bhinmal". 52 A Jain According to the author, 'Gadahiya coins' were issued from Bhinmal. 53 These coins are an imitation of the coins of Hunas and on them are also 'Sasani' Iranian style inscriptions. Gadahia coins have been associated with the Gurjars and have been in widespread circulation in Western India ruled by them for centuries, especially from the seventh to the tenth century. 54 Mihir Bhoja Coin - Upwards Mihir Bhoja Varah in triumphant form and the Sun Chakra. On the other side, above is written Shri Mad Adi Varaha and below is a simple Agni Vedika engraved.

The coins of the Pratihara Emperor Mihir Bhoja are engraved on one side with the portrait of Varaha Avatar. On the other side of these coins, Adi Varaha 'is inscribed 55 and' Sasani 'is engraved in the Iranian style of Agnaveedika. 56 "Adi Varaha' is a short form of Aditya Varaha. Therefore, it is clear that the Varaha engraved in the coin is the solar deity and "Adi Varaha" is used as a synonym of "Aditya Varaha" ie "Varaha Mihir".  The imitation of the Iranian style of Agnaveedika engraved on the coins of Hunas by Gurjar Pratiharo is a strong proof of their Hoon origin.

The above facts are a clear indication of the origin and heritage of Gurjara Pratiharo. Devadatta Ramakrishna Bhandarkar (1989) Some aspects of ancient Indian culture। Asian Educational Services। ISBN 81-206-0457-1, ISBN 978-81-206-0457-5।↑ Lālatā Prasāda Pāṇḍeya (1971) Sun-worship in ancient India। Motilal Banarasidass।↑ Bombay (India : State) (1901) Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency, Volume 9, Part 1। Govt. Central Press।↑ Chandrasekharendra Saraswati (Jagatguru Sankaracharya of Kamakoti) (2001) Śri Śaṅkara Bhagavatpādācārya's Saundaryalaharī। Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan।↑ Indirā Gāndhī Rāshṭrīya Mānava Saṅgrahālaya, Kulbhushan Warikoo, Sujit Som (2000*) Gujjars of Jammu and Kashmir। Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Manav Sangrahalaya। “"Gurjar" is a sanskrit word which has been explained thus: Gur+Ujjar;'Gur' means 'enemy' and 'ujjar' means 'destroyer'.The word means "Destroyer of the enemy".”↑ India. Office of the Registrar General (1961) Census of India, Volume 20, Part 6, Issue 27। Manager of Publications। “These people used to enjoy a title of 'Gorjan' (Leader of masses).In sanskrit the word Gurjar was used and now-a-days Gujjar is used in place of Gurjar which predicts the qualities of a warrior community.”↑ Bombay (India : State) (1901) Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency, Volume 9, Part 1। Govt. Central Press। “With the roaring Gujar an ephithet in the Kupadvanj Rashtrakutta grant of AD 910...”↑ Juzr or Jurz.। Persian Texts in TranslationThe Packard Humanities Institute। Archived from the original on 2007-09-29। अभिगमन तिथि: 2007-05-31।↑ John Keay (2001) India: a history। Grove Press। ISBN 0-8021-3797-0, ISBN 978-0-8021-3797-5।↑ Ramesh Chandra Majumdar (1977) The History and Culture of the Indian People: The classical age। Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan।↑ John Keay (2001) India: a history। Grove Press। ISBN 0-8021-3797-0, ISBN 978-0-8021-3797-5। References

1. V.A. Smith, "The Gurjars of Rajputana and Kannauj", Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, 1909, p.  53-75

2. William Crook, "Introduction", Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan, Volume I, (ed.) Colonel Todd

3. A. R.  Rudolf Hornley, "Some Problems of Ancient Indian History, No. III." The Gurjar Clans ”, JRAS, 1905, p. 1- 32

4. Same, V.A. Smith, p.  61

5. Same, V.A. Smith, p.  60-61

6. Same, A. R.  Rudolf Hornley, p.  1- 4

7. Herman Goetz, "The Early Wooden Temple of Chamba: Rejoinder", Artibus Asiae, Volume 19, Number 2, 1956, p. 162,

https://www.jstor.org/stable/3248719

8. Hinduism myth cited by H V Stietencron, Hindu History, Delhi, 2005, p21

9. J. F.  Fleet, Corpus Inscriptionum Indykeram, Volume III, Calcutta, 1888, p.  158–160

10. Same,

11. The same, Herman Goetz,

12. Samar Abbas, "Varahamihir: A Great Iranic Astronomer", Aligarh, 2003. E. Sanjana, "Varahamihir-N Iranian Name", www.iranchamber.com/personalities/varahamihira/varahamihira.php

13. Sushil Bhati, "Shiva Devotee Emperor Mihirkul Hoon", Aspect of Indian History, Director-NR. Farooqui and S.K. Z.  H. Jafri, New Delhi, 2013, p.  715-717

14. Samuel Beal, Buddhist Record of the Western World, (Hen Song, translation of Si Yu), London, 1906, p. 165–173

15. M. A. Stein (Ed.), Rajatarangini, Volume II Pt. 464

16. J.M. Campbail, The Gujar ”, Bombay Gazetteer, Volume IX, Part 2, 1901, p.  501

17.VA Smith, "The Gurjars of Rajputana and Kannauj", Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland.

18. William Crook, 'Introduction', Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan, Volume I (ed.) Col. Tod

19.AR Rudolf Hornley, 'Some Problems of Ancient Indian History, No. III. The Gurjar Clains, 'JRAS, 1905.

20. Ramashankar Tripathi, History of Kannauj: To the Moslem Conquest, 1989.

21.VA Smith, 'White Hun Coin of Vighramukh of the Chap (Gurjar) Dynasty of Bhinmal'.