User:Lynda Nourani/sandbox

Child rights in Canada

= Canada government on child rights = Canada is a constitutional monarchy with a parliament, and ten provinces have legislative bodies. Since various Canadian conventions do not provide [| child issues] at any administrative level, they are separate, and all levels cover children as part of their jurisdiction. For example, districts have introduced [| child labour laws] that force the use of most provincial private sectors, and Parliament forbids child pornography to fulfill its exclusive competence for criminal law in Canada (Skutnabb-Kangas et al. 2016).(1)  In Canada, the government has defined the age for a child to enter the contract and other non-governmental organizations are working on child rights in Canada such as [| NGOs]. They are focusing on every child to be treated according to their rights; moreover, they are also fighting against child labor in Canada (Fudge, 2017). (2)

Canada ratified the Convention on the [| Rights of the Child] and ratified one of the two Optional Protocols when it signed the Second Convention. Responsibility for action is divided between the federations and the provinces (Swain, & Hillel, 2017).(3) Almost all ten Canadian provinces have general healthcare plans that cover all children and support most social societies. Training is another environmental responsibility (Robinson, 2015).(4) Children receive necessary and secondary support through taxes. The university collects subsidized teaching fees. The [| minimum age of employees] is another responsibility of the province. At the federal level, many criminal laws have been created to prevent child abuse (Cohen, 2017).(5) In recent years, the number of crimes linked to them and their maximum penalty has increased significantly. In its national defense law, the federal government is now banning Canadian soldiers less than 18 years of age to use armed conflicts. The federal government also developed the new juvenile system for justice in 2002 which provides the judges and police more options in managing cases of children related to their abuse (Afifi et al. 2016).(6)

= History of Child rights = At the time 1990, Canada accepted the signing of a Convention on the Child Rights to increase the efforts for protecting children. These efforts include participation in the 1990s of the Children's Congress and efforts to improve the rights and health of children and women worldwide as Canada's most important development priorities. Childhood rights are dealt with more and more by the UN. The Human Rights Council of the United Nations and the UN General Assembly adopted decisions on child rights (Skutnabb-Kangas et al. 2016).(1)

The Convention on the Child Rights describes the child as "less than 18 years" unless the national law recognizes the age of an adult. Canada ratified the Convention in 1991 and participated in 2 of the 3 Optional Protocols (Fudge, 2017).(2) The Adoption Protocol to the Convention on a Child Rights on the children involved in armed conflict denies the staffing of soldiers under the age of 18 and directly involved in hostility. The Child Protection Rights Protocol for the children purchase and sale, child pornography and child prostitution needs states to crush these actions, facilitate criminals and act to protect children (Swain, & Hillel, 2017).(3) Global human rights are important for the children safty, so the rights are sheltered by global treaties of human rights, to that Canada has participated. An Interdepartmental Child Rights Working Group, presided over by the Canadian Public Health Agency and the Canadian Ministry of Justice, was created in 2007 to promote comprehensive access to [| rights of children] and encourage links between departments and policies to influence children (Robinson, 2015). (4) Canada has the major role in negotiations leading to the adoption and Convention ratification on the Child Rights and the Dissolution Protocol to the Children's Adoption Protocol on Armed Conflicts and the “[| Children Selling], Child Prostitution and Child Pornography” (Cohen, 2017).(5)

Child need parent but not machine
Everyone wants to live a happy life. For parents, the priorities change for some time, and the primary purpose is to achieve and make the child comfortable in their own lives. Of course, the priorities of the parents are not the only factor. There are many stories about people who despise miracles and have great success in spite of parental participation, not for it. The researchers in a recent social study supported child rights, and have made much progress in exploring the characteristic features of the parents of the most successful people . This research is controversial but effective. This is why parents in developing countries try to move to rich countries, and there are tips to buy the cheapest home for the best community (Skutnabb-Kangas et al. 2016).(1)

According to the social study of “[| Child needs parent] but not a machine," the child requires proper care and attention from parents with an emotional attachment to be taken care of. A child needs emotional support from the parents (Covell et al, 2018).(7)

= Kinds of rights needed by law = There are four kinds of child rights which are required by law that include civil, political, social, economic and cultural rights of the child.

[| Right to Survival]

The power of the child to life begins before the child is born. According to the Canadian government, children's lives begin 20 weeks after the idea. Therefore, the right to life includes the rights of the children born, the level of food, protection and clothing required, and the right to live in dignity (Swain, & Hillel, 2017).(3)

Right to Protection

The child has a right to being protected from abuse, exploitation, and neglect at home, or anywhere else (Robinson, 2015).(4)

Right to Participation

The child can participate in any decision directly or indirectly attached to him. The different levels of participation depending on the age and maturity of the child (Cohen, 2017).(5)

Right for Development

Children are entitled to various kinds of development: [| emotions], psychology, and body. The emotional development of appropriate care and love for support systems, mental growth through education and learning as well as physical development through entertainment, games, and nutrition (Afifi et al. 2016).(6)