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Reality Theory Stress is a state that can lead to depression if not properly managed. From the case study, the clients are suffering from several stressors. They include insufficient support from friends and relatives, financial constraints because he lost his job, family factors because of his husband who is working overseas and the fear of raising the baby all by herself. Considering the stressors it will be appropriate to apply reality theory to help the client to overcome the stressors. The reality is described as how things appear in the real life situation. Reality constitutes all the things that can be observed and comprehended. The theory of reality was first introduced by the early philosophers and mathematicians such as the Plato and Russell. Further, the reality theory extends to not only what is delusional but also fictional factors. Why the theory Reality theory is broader as compared to the other theories such as the cognitive and cognitive behavioral. The reality theory captures imagination, fictional aspects, dreams, and emotional factors. By applying the theory, the expert will be able to address all the difficulties that the client is going through. For example, the fear of raising a baby all by herself is classified under emotional stressors, and it can be addressed using the reality theory (Al-Shaikh, 2003). Goals of Counseling Counseling serves many purposes but from the case study it will address four major purposes. One of the purposes is to stabilize the emotional state of the client. First, it is important to note that when the mind is not at peace, it is important for a person to make a rational decision. From the case stud study, it is evident that the client is suffering from fear. She is uncertain if he will be able to meet the basic needs of her child alone since she just lost her job and his husband is working overseas. Another purpose of the counseling session is to give hope the client. Hope helps a person to see things in a different perspective. Hope motivates a person during difficult moments. The third reason for offering advice to the client is to encourage her that although his husband is working overseas, he will return home safely. Finally offering advice to the client is important because it helps her to see the difficult moments in a brighter way (Al-Shaikh, 2003). Short and long term counseling Reality theory is useful in both short and long term counseling. Reality theory helps to address emotional factors and psychological issues. Psychological factors require time to be addressed where the client is required to attend several sessions where the client is expected to meet the counselor for some time. Counselor role The counselor is expected to conduct a close evaluation of the client stressors so that he can come up with a most suitable solution to address the issues. The counselor plays analytical roles. The client problems can only be fully addressed if the client is open to the counselor. In most cases, the client is expected to be comfortable with the counselor to be ready to speak all the issues that are affecting him (Helsel & Roth, 1990). The middle age The theory is mostly applicable to the middle-aged group. The group consists of individuals who are starting up families and those who are working. Mostly individuals in this category are looking for employment. When a person loses or fails to get an employment, he becomes mentally unstable. Most people losses interests in many things. The condition is associated with health complications which include loss of appetite and lack of sleep. The theory is used to address social and cultural factors which mostly happen to the middle-aged group (Helsel & Roth, 1990). Additional information In the case, knowing the financial history of the client will help the counselor to make solutions on how the client can overcome her current situation. In addition, it will be useful to know the education background of the client. Education background determines the understanding ability of the client. In most cases, the counselors need to know the level of education so that the can prepare how to address the problem. Risks involved. The theory involves various risk. One of the major risk involved is that the counselor may fail to understand the key stressors that are affecting the client. In such cases, the client problems end up being unsolved. Another risk is that the counselor may fail to meet the professional standards which at times destroy the relationship between the client and the counselor (Helsel & Roth, 1990). In conclusion, reality theory helps to solve problems that other theories cannot offer. Most counselor prefers the theory because it helps to solve both short and long term problems. It helps to solve both psychological and emotional factors. In addition, the theory helps to avoid risks involved while addressing issues affecting the clients. Further, the reality theory helps to solve both social and cultural issues which are the main stressors affecting people all over the world. Counseling serves an important role which cannot be ignored.

References Helsel, S. K., & Roth, J. P. (1990). Virtual reality, theory, practice and promise. Al-Shaikh, F. N. (2003). The practical reality theory and business ethics in non-Western context: evidence from Jordan. Journal of Management Development. LyntelM (talk) 06:56, 14 February 2017 (UTC)