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Definition of Intelligence
Human intelligence can be measured according to an extensive number of tests and criteria, ranging from academic, social, and emotional fields. As such, there is no clear definition for what “true intelligence” is in humans. Multiple theories exist to define intelligence and associate traits to different categories, instead of grouping intelligence into a collective general ability category. For a majority of the studies conducted, intelligence quotient tests were used to measure a subject's mental age and compare that with their height to determine any possible correlation. While the use of IQ tests are highly debated among scientists as an accurate measurement of intelligence, it does provides a quantitative and normal distribution to compare cognitive abilities among people.

The most common IQ tests are the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) for individuals over the age of 16 and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) for individuals aged between 6 and 16 years old. Many of the studies performed on the relationship between physical stature and intelligence used one of these tests in order to gauge relative cognitive ability based on the age of the participants. In addition to IQ tests, some of the studies that were performed on children use academic performance as a measure of intelligence through standardized tests such as the Wide Range Achievement Test.