User:LysolAllPurposeCleaner/sandbox

Article Evaluation Questions
Medicine in the Medieval Islamic World


 * Is everything in the article relevant to the article topic? Is there anything that distracted you?
 * Yes, considering that the article topic is so broad. There wasn't anything distracting, but the lack of sources in some of the subtopics was noticeable.
 * Is the article neutral? Are there any claims, or frames, that appear heavily biased toward a particular position?
 * The article was neutral, and there were not any claims or frames that appear heavily biased towards a particular position.
 * Are there viewpoints that are overrepresented, or underrepresented?
 * Because the article is over such a broad topic, many of the viewpoints are underrepresented by not even including some sources. Pharmacy is a one of these underrepresented viewpoints, as well as medical ethics.
 * Check a few citations. Do the links work? Does the source support the claims in the article?
 * The links that I checked work, however some of them are in arabic. Google translate can only take us so far, right?
 * Is each fact referenced with an appropriate, reliable reference? Where does the information come from? Are these neutral sources? If biased, is that bias noted?
 * No. Some of the claims that are made do have an in-text citation, but the citation doesn't lead to any link or source. Those sources appear to be of a book that a natural philosopher of the period wrote on the subject of Pharmacy, but it does not provide the source.
 * Is any information out of date? Is anything missing that could be added?
 * The article could use more expansive and in-depth looks into the subtopics in general. It's as if each subtopic is a TL;DR that cites something that is hard to get to or just out of reach.
 * Check out the Talk page of the article. What kinds of conversations, if any, are going on behind the scenes about how to represent this topic?
 * There are a few "conversations" on there. Mostly people that are providing background on sources, putting up sources for their edits, or just giving a brief background on Islamic literature.
 * How is the article rated? Is it a part of any WikiProjects?
 * The article is rate Class B and is part of WikiProjects Islam, History of Science, Medicine, and Middle Ages.
 * How does the way Wikipedia discusses this topic differ from the way we've talked about it in class?
 * The article is much more in depth, and in-class we've only briefly mentioned it due to the fact that we focused on the cosmos aspect of Islamic Sciences.

History of Yellow Fever sources
Ellis, John H. Yellow Fever and Public Health in the New South University Press of Kentucky 1992 https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.libproxy.mst.edu/lib/umr-ebooks/detail.action?docID=1915358&query=yellow+fever+and+public+health+in+the+new+south

Berger, Stephen. Yellow Fever: Global Status. GIDEON Informatics Inc. 2017 https://ebookcentral-proquest-com.libproxy.mst.edu/lib/umr-ebooks/detail.action?docID=3298782&query=yellow+fever%3A+global+status

Willoughby, Urmi. Yellow fever, race, and ecology in nineteenth-century New Orleans MST Library Illiad

American Surgeon: Yellow fever in New Orleans (article) MST Library Illiad

Carrigan, Jo Ann. Impact of Epidemic Yellow Fever on Life in Louisiana (pdf on laptop)

https://collections.nlm.nih.gov/ext/dw/101216022/PDF/101216022.pdf

https://collections.nlm.nih.gov/catalog/nlm:nlmuid-101216022-bk

Lower Mississippi Valley 1878 edits
It is unknown what exactly led to the outbreak in the Mississippi River Valley as causes range from unchecked vessels from the fruit trade to refugees from the Ten Years' War in Cuba, which was experiencing a rise in yellow fever cases, however, investigations at the time suggest that the epidemic originated from the steamer Emily B. Souder on May 22, 1878. LysolAllPurposeCleaner (talk) 16:09, 16 October 2020 (UTC)

The news of deaths in New Orleans and in the nearby town of Hickman in August led to the mass withdrawal of an estimated 25,000 residents from the city of Memphis within four days, which led to further the spread of the virus across the Lower Mississippi Valley. LysolAllPurposeCleaner (talk) 16:09, 16 October 2020 (UTC)

"Atlanta established hospitals and sanitary measures in response to the estimated 3,000 refugees from New Orleans and Memphis in late August." Gotta change this up because of plagiarism or whatever LysolAllPurposeCleaner (talk) 16:09, 16 October 2020 (UTC)

The epidemic in the Lower Mississippi Valley also greatly affected trade in the region, with orders of steamboats to be tied up in order to reduce the amount of travel along the Mississippi River, railroad lines were halted, and all the workers laid off. Carrigan states that "An estimated 15,000 heads of households were unemployed in New Orleans, 8,000 in Memphis, and sever thousands more in scattered small towns - representing a total of over 100,000 persons in dire need." 16:09, 16 October 2020 (UTC)

Memphis also saw an economic crisis during the epidemic, where trade was halted entirely in the city, and the lack of commerce led to mass starvations throughout the city, inciting riots and looting to the point that the Citizens' Relief Committee appointed black men to the city police force. LysolAllPurposeCleaner (talk) 16:09, 16 October 2020 (UTC)

The entire Mississippi River Valley from St. Louis south was affected, and tens of thousands fled the stricken cities of New Orleans, Vicksburg, and Memphis. An estimated 120,000 cases of yellow fever resulted in some 20,000 deaths.

It is unknown what exactly led to the outbreak in the Mississippi River Valley as causes range from unchecked vessels from the fruit trade to refugees from the Ten Years' War in Cuba, which was experiencing a rise in yellow fever cases, however, investigations at the time suggest that the epidemic originated from the steamer Emily B. Souder on May 22, 1878.

Memphis suffered several epidemics during the 1870s, culminating in the 1878 epidemic (called the Saffron Scourge of 1878), with more than 5,000 fatalities in the city. Some contemporary accounts said that commercial interests had prevented the rapid reporting of the outbreak of the epidemic, increasing the total number of deaths. People still did not understand how the disease developed or was transmitted, and did not know how to prevent it.

The 1878 epidemic was the worst that occurred in the state of Mississippi. Sometimes known as "Yellow Jack", and "Bronze John", devastated Mississippi socially and economically. Entire families were killed, while others fled their homes for the presumed safety of other parts of the state. Quarantine regulations, passed to prevent the spread of the disease, brought trade to a stop. Some local economies never recovered. Beechland, near Vicksburg, became a ghost town because of the epidemic. By the end of the year, 3,227 people had died from the disease.

Lead and Origin of Epidemic
Following the yellow fever epidemic in Shreveport, Louisiana, where 769 people died between August and November, the states in the Lower Mississippi Valley began to take precautions for any following epidemics. After the epidemic, the Quarantine Act of 1878 was passed that allowed the United States federal government to assume control over the state in quarantines, but the law did not allow for the federal government to intercede on local medical authorities or health boards. In March of that year, a virulent strain of Yellow Fever was found in Havana, Cuba, and New Orleans health officials ordered the detainment of all vessels from the Cuban and Brazilian regions. It is unknown what exactly led to the outbreak in the Mississippi River Valley as causes range from unchecked vessels from the fruit trade to refugees from the Ten Years' War in Cuba, which was experiencing a rise in yellow fever cases, however, investigations at the time suggest that the epidemic originated from the steamer Emily B. Souder on May 22, 1878 followed by.

Overall Section of the Epidemic (General things about region)
The entire Mississippi River Valley from St. Louis south was affected, and tens of thousands fled the stricken cities of New Orleans, Vicksburg, and Memphis. The epidemic in the Lower Mississippi Valley also greatly affected trade in the region, with orders of steamboats to be tied up in order to reduce the amount of travel along the Mississippi River, railroad lines were halted, and all the workers laid off. Carrigan states that "An estimated 15,000 heads of households were unemployed in New Orleans, 8,000 in Memphis, and several thousands more in scattered small towns - representing a total of over 100,000 persons in dire need."

New Orleans
This section focuses entirely on New Orleans and surrounding areas. Outbreak, deaths, sickness, social effects, politics, and economics of New Orleans during this time. Sources would be Ellis, Carrigan, Willoughby.

Memphis
Memphis suffered several epidemics during the 1870s, culminating in the 1878 epidemic (called the Saffron Scourge of 1878), with more than 5,000 fatalities in the city. Some contemporary accounts said that commercial interests had prevented the rapid reporting of the outbreak of the epidemic, increasing the total number of deaths. People still did not understand how the disease developed or was transmitted, and did not know how to prevent it. The news of deaths in New Orleans and in the nearby town of Hickman in August led to the mass withdrawal of an estimated 25,000 residents from the city of Memphis within four days, which led to further the spread of the virus across the Lower Mississippi Valley. Memphis also saw an economic crisis during the epidemic, where trade was halted entirely in the city, and the lack of commerce led to mass starvations throughout the city, inciting riots and looting to the point that the Citizens' Relief Committee appointed black men to the city police force. All in all, Ellis states that " of the approximately 20,000 persons remaining in the city, an estimated 17,000 contracted the fever, of whom 5,150 died. There were at least 11,000 cases among 14,000 blacks, resulting in 946 deaths. By contrast, virtually all of the 6,000 whites were stricken, and 4,204 cases proved fatal. The disaster's economic cost tot he city was later calculated to be upward of fifteen million dollars."

Mississippi
In the town of Grenada located in northern Mississippi, about 1,000 people of the town's population fled while the remaining population suffered "approximately 1,050 cases and 350 deaths." The town was a known railroad town, and it was found that the refugees from railroad towns often spread then illness with them along the railroads.

Aftermath (Total deaths, economical, political, and social aftermath)
The epidemic lasted until late October when lower temperatures drove off the mosquitoes, the primary carrier of yellow fever, away or into hibernation, and it was not until November 19 when the epidemic was officially declared to be over. Ellis states that "according to estimates, there were around 120,000 cases of yellow fever and approximately 20,000 deaths."

Possibly add a section for the rest of the world's reactions to this particular epidemic? I don't know how important that would be to the article, but I do know that a lot of economic support came from the North, and the merchants in the region had friends in Paris that they spoke with about their woes.