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Marcel Duchamp Who was Marcel Duchamp? How did his work and his writings change our definitions of art and artists? Discuss specific works and writings and explain the historical and cultural context within which he was working.Explain in detail the elements of Modernism and Modern Art in this topic. ...

Work cited Ades, Dawn., et al. Marcel Duchamp. Thames and Hudson, 1999. ALLEN, CHAY. “Marcel Duchamp: Étant Donnés by Julian Jason Haladyn.” Art Book, vol. 17,  no. 4, Nov. 2010, p. 60. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1111/j.1467-8357.2010.01137_12.x. Mann, Jon. “How Duchamp's Urinal Changed Art Forever.” Artsy, 9 May 2017, www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-duchamps-urinal-changed-art-forever. Campbell, B., et al. Marcel Duchamp’s Boîtes-En-Valise: Collaboration and Conservation. Vol. 57, no. 1, 2012, pp. S52–S60, doi:10.1179/2047058412Y.0000000017. Judovitz, Dalia., and Duchamp, Marcel. Unpacking Duchamp : Art in Transit. University of California Press, 1995. de Oliveira, Solange. “Arthur Bispo Do Rosario Beyond the Walls of the Asylum.” Psicologia USP, vol. 27, no. 3, Universidade de São Paulo - Instituto de Psicologia, Dec. 2016, pp. 395–403, doi:10.1590/0103-656420130017. Molderings, Herbert. Duchamp and the Aesthetics of Chance Art as Experiment. Columbia University Press, 2010. Taboada, M. (2019). Geometric analysis of marcel duchamp’s moulin à café. EGA Revista de Expression Grafica Arquitectonica, 24(35), 96–105. https://doi.org/10.4995/ega.2019.11549 Abella, Adela. “Marcel Duchamp: On the Fruitful Use of Narcissism and Destructiveness in Contemporary Art.” International Journal of Psychoanalysis, vol. 88, Taylor & Francis Ltd., Aug. 2007, pp. 1039–59, http://search.proquest.com/docview/203934351/. Judovitz, Dalia., and Duchamp, Marcel. Drawing on Art Duchamp and Company. University of Minnesota Press, 2010.

Marcel Duchamp, born Henri Robert Marcel Duchamp, born on July 28, 1887, Blainville, France died on October 2, 1968 in Neuilly. He was a French American modern craftsman who separated the limits between centerpieces and ordinary items. He was a sculptor, painter, chess player, writer, and composer. His modern work reflected the influences of Dadaism, Cubism, and conceptual art. He helped redefine the idea of what is art, and who is an artist. The aim of Duchamp was not simply to classify common objects as art, but to substitute expressive anguish with how people comprehended or understood art. Marcel Duchamp would travel back and forth from Europe and the United States throughout his life. His first artwork which reflected towards cubism was from the mode of cezanne and the impressionists. His important works, Nude Descending a staircase, which describe an “explosion in shingle factory.” According to unpacking duchamp, the "Nude descending a staircase" was further humored by a cartoon depiction entitled "Rude descending a staircase".“The rude appropriately captures the impact of the Nude, it’s deliberate disregard for the artistic conventions of the gene.”(unpacking duchamp, 26). In these two pieces he uses two art periods cubism and cubo-futurism. Once, Dada was worried about WWI's influence in society. He was disturbed by the phenomenon of militaristic decorations and the pride shown in participating in the war by a relative, Hausmann and Höch decided to use this medium for their own benefit. I believe these other modern artists: like Pablo Picassco, and Henri Matisse, were inspired by a result of a combination of influences from Paul Cézanne and Henri Rousseau to primitive and traditional art that inspired Picasso to give more form to his figures and finally set him on the road to Cubism, deconstructing the conventions of perspective that controlled painting since after the Renaissance. Eugene Delacroix, a 19th-century painter who inspired Matisse's beloved and, after Matisse's death, Picasso's, once wrote about his own struggle to be modern. The birth of Modernism and modern art are often derived to the economic Revolution. this era of speedy changes in production, transportation, and technology began around the mid-18th century and lasted through the nineteenth century, deeply moving the social, economic, and cultural conditions of life in Western Europe, North America, and eventually the world. New styles of transportation, as well as the railroad, the external-combustion engine, and therefore the subway, changed the way people lived, worked, and traveled, increasing their worldview and access to new ideas. As urban centers prospered, employees moved to cities for industrial jobs and concrete populations boomed. Modern art started around World War II. Modern art starts with the legacy of artists such as Vincent van Gogh, Paul Cézanne, Paul Gauguin, Georges Seurat and Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, who were all important to modern art's growth. However, Marcel brings something different to the table I believe. His creativity makes him special and separates him from most artist. His beauty of his work makes him unique because it’s different it makes people wonder and look at art itself. When I went to the museum and saw his work I was inspired. I felt like he changed art and my view of it. He stepped out of the box and made "Readymades" into his own art piece. His humor for modern cultural standards led him to devise his famous "Ready-mades" and announced an art revolution. Duchamp was friendly with the Dadaists, and in the 1930s he helped to organize Surrealist exhibitions. Duchamp explained to Cabanne “since courbet, it’s been believed that painting is addressed to the retina. That was everyone’s error. "The retinal shudder"! Before, painting had other functions: it could be religious, philosophical or moral. If I had the chance to take an antiretinal attitude, it unfortunately hasn't changed much; our whole century is completely retinal, except for the surrealists, who tried to go outside to that type somewhat. And still, they didn’t go far! (DMW,43.) Redified Art is no longer considered a visual / erotic stimulation, but conceptual involvement now. The most disreputable of the readymades, "Fountain" was a plumbing fixture signed by Marcel Duchamp under the name R. Mutt. Marcel Duchamp submitted it to an exhibition site in New York City in 1917. This was completed by the Society of Freelance Artists, within which he served on the Board of Directors; but was rejected. “A “Female” analogue of the “Male” Fountain, this work locates artistic originality within the ephemeral scent, the immanence of the “arrhe of painting is feminine in gender”(WMD,24.) Once again attempting in 1917, he chose a plumbing fixture, He received a good quantity of attention from the media. His readymades was success with anger. Its rejection from the exhibition was the best factor that might have happened as a result of it absolutely was the right chance to stay The fountain within the public mind. His resignation was a public gesture of protest and grabbed the attention of the blind man that rejected him.One day replaced by the photo itself, “You know exactly how I feel about photography. I would like to see it make people despise painting until something else will make photography unbearable” (DMD, 165.) Marcel’s art pieces and his audience: The “Bicycle wheel,``''Staircase,”“Upside down glass,””Centerpiece of box in a Valise,” by Marcel Duchamp, and “The Bride Stripped Bare” (the Large Glass,”) 1915 to 1923. The “Bicycle Wheel,”also known as his “readymades.”Duchamp, “once describe a “readymade”as a work of art without artist to make it.”(Duchamp, 146.) During this period, the “Bicycle Wheel relates to duchamp's other works of art, such as “Coffee Mill", "Chocolate Grinder,” “Water Mill Wheel” in the large glass, and the drawing to have the apprentice in the sun. In the pretense of a vintage and seemingly meaningless construction or very uncomfortable unicycle, it brought the concern with spiraling machines complete circle. Bicycle Wheel, as widely acknowledged, could be seen as a specific or half irreverent reaction to the 1912 technical manifesto of futurist sculpture of the Boccioni. Duchamp's passion in futurism and cubism was apparent in the "Nude descending a Staircase,” that was shown in the 1913 New York Armory Show, where it had became one of the most famous collections.  “The Nude descending staircase”, In his book, Kenneth Clark maintains that perhaps the nude isn't the painting's starting point, but away from seeing anything the painting achieves the nude embodies a set of abstract strategies that implies a particular relationship between both the viewer and the body reduced to a displayed image. The nude as a visual form, which had been developed as  the subject of lust from either the Renaissance to the late nineteenth century, requires an audience  structure based on the female body's objectification. Painters such as edouard manet, Who in Olympia 1863 challenged this interaction of visual and normal requirements staged by a nude as a pictorial genre and Le Déjeuner sur l'herbe challenged the spectator's attractive appearance to the inscription of 1862-63. Cabanne asked how did the painting originate, Duchamp responded “In the nude itself. To do a nude different from the classic reclining or standing nude, and put it into motion. There was something funny there, but it wasn't funny when I did it. Movement appeared like an argument that made me decide to do it. In the “Nude Descending a Staircase,” I wanted to create a static image of movement: movement is an abstraction, a deduction articulated within painting without our knowing if a real person is or isn’t descending an equally real staircase. Fundamentally, movement is in the eye of the spectator, who incorporates it into the painting (DMD,30). In 1915, he was exempt from military service because of his health. He started the large glass art piece around the same year. Duchamp accepted that technology, science, art, and the human body. The first spark that traveled from crash, ready-mades, had always grown so far apart that they may now collide with this conventional art. "The Bribe Stripped Bare" also known as “The Large Glass". The Large Glass”,was popularly known as The Green box. Duchamp predicted in his viewers expectation that somehow the work would give rise to an overwhelming comical that could withstand the most serious scrutiny. It seems that the abandonment of painting was just an event full of wonderful laughter. Duchamp's humor could be interpreted in terms of Duve's homology between sexual and painter identity, or the way Duchamp preserved the impossibility of work in his work by preserving the impossibility of sexual preference throughout himself: it is a humor that says that biological sex is about as humorous and funny in a certain way  just as "ready-made" as creative identity at the edge.Duchamp said “Links can be made between the large glass and stained glass windows; between the readymades and highly charged, through after humdrum, relics of the saints and between the Boite-en-valies, when upacked, portable altar.”(unpacked duchamp, 24.) "The Green Box" was published in 1914, but "the large glass" became it’s narrative Since, for example, they express questions about chance, machines and gender. Marcel Duchamp stood out from other artist by being unique in his way just like when he invited Readymades. He’s famous for “readymades,” using many modern art movements. He’s a modern artist who paints, and a scupltor also known for pioneer and being a troublemaker. Marcel Duchamp is known for a few of 20th-century painting's leading spirits. Even so, with maybe the exception of the "Nude Descending a Staircase," his works had already been largely ignored by the public. Only  advanced groups while the Surrealists claimed to be important until 1960, while to official art circles and intelligent critics. He appeared to be odd and a failure but that did not stop him. He played an important role for pop art, Op art, and many other movements that were welcomed mostly by younger artists. He also influenced visual arts, by enlightening and just being himself. He didn't need to stay within the normal limits of what others viewed as art. He made art his own and embraced it. Through his work, he was very creative, different and unique in his own way.