User:M.kal54/Epidemiology of pneumonia

Children
In 2008, pneumonia occurred in approximately 156 million children (151 million in the developing world and 5 million in the developed world). It caused 1.6 million deaths or 28–34% of all deaths in those under five years of age of which 95% occurred in the developing world. However, in recent years due to improvements in prevention and treatment of pneumonia, the number of cases in children under the age of five has decreased from 178 million in 2000 to 138 million in 2015, and mortality rates decreasing from 1.7 million in 2000 to 921,000 in 2015 worldwide.  Out of all deaths of children age five and under in 2017, pneumonia was the cause of 15%, killing more children than any other infectious disease. In 2015, around 2,400 children under the age of 5 died of pneumonia per day. Countries with the greatest burden of disease include: India (43 million), China (21 million) and Pakistan (10 million).

Poland
In 2014, Poland had a pediatric population of 7,367,100, and had an incidence rate of 930 per 100,000 hospitalized with pneumonia. '''Out of the total number of hospitalized children, 81.8% were ages five and under, with the average age being 3.25 years. Children under the age of six were five times more likely to be hospitalized than those ages six and above. While being hospitalized, 19 pneumonia-related deaths occurred, and within three months of being released from the hospital, an additional 117 children died.'''

United States
In the United States, community-acquired pneumonia affects 5.6 million people per year, and ranks 6th among leading causes of death. As the eighth leading cause of death in the United States, pneumonia has an annual incidence rate of 24.8 cases per 10,000 adults. In 2009, there were approximately 1.86 million emergency department encounters for pneumonia in the United States. In 2011, pneumonia was the second-most common reason for hospitalization in the U.S., with approximately 1.1 million stays—a rate of 36 stays per 10,000 population. For every 1,000 persons, 7.9 visited an emergency department in the United States between the years of 2016 and 2018 due to pneumonia.

The most frequent cause of hospitalization for US children is pneumonia, '''with an incidence rate of 15.7 per 10,000 children. US children less than two years of age had the highest rate, with 62.2 per 10,000 children. Every year, there are about 124,000 hospitalizations of US children with community-acquired pneumonia.'''

Korea
'''Korea has a high rate of pneumonia, with about 30% of its population being treated every year. In 2018, the third leading cause of death in Korea was pneumonia. Those ages 0-14 have the highest hospitalization rate due to bacterial pneumonia, with the total hospitalization rate being 79.1 per 10,000 persons. The pneumonia death rate in Korea has been on the rise. In 2013, the death rate was 21.4 per 100,000, an increase from 5.7 per 100,000 in 2003. About 1.34 million people in South Korea had pneumonia in 2018, with the prevalence being highest in children younger than ten years of age.'''

Prevention and treatments
'''Prevention is the best way to keeping this disease dormant and those who acquire it healthy from symptoms. Vaccinations are the best way to prevent the spread of disease and minimize symptoms of the disease. It is recommend those who are at risk to acquiring the disease should be vaccinated.'''

Treatment is dependent on what type of pneumonia is presented:


 * Bacterial
 * Viral

Bacterial Pneumonia Treatment

'''The treatment options for bacterial pneumonia is antibiotic therapy. Dependent on the severity of the case some may require hospitalization, especially when risk factors may make one more susceptible. The typical antibiotics prescribed to treat community and hospital acquired pneumonia is amoxicillin plus a macrolide. It is said that if one is suspected of pneumonia to begin treatments within four hours of symptoms and diagnosis.  '''

Viral Pneumonia Treatment

'''There is no treatment options for viral pneumonia as antibiotics don't work for combating this strand of the disease. With treatment of viral pneumonia they use more supportive care such as rest, supplemental oxygen sources, staying hydrated, and keeping cold like symptoms at a minimum.'''