User:M.nie/sandbox

Peer Review:

Hey Michelle it's Angela. Overall, it seems like you have a strong general plan. You have 16 out of the 30 sources you need for the final project, and they are very high quality. However, it does seem like you have quite a bit of work left to do: this is more of an outline than a rough draft. At this stage, we were looking for something resembling final content.

Asian American Activism

I like the connection you're making to social media. It will be interesting to get into the criticism by other activist groups too.

BLM

Great plan- I think this is an important voice to lift up.

Women in Workplace

Great plan- the tech/ celebrity connection is really interesting and there's a lot to big into there. I would also recommend mentioning the election since that's a very timely addition. I would also consider adding something about different types of workforces- the gig economy that we discussed in class vs. more traditional 9-5 jobs.

Overall, you have a concrete plan and I look forward to reading your final contributions!

Thanks,

Angela

Reflection on Peer Review:

I agree with Angela’s comments and found them helpful in helping me decide where to take my articles next. I have noticed that a lot of the articles I was hoping to edit spent a lot more space talking about the positives of each social movement, and I think I can add value by contributing opposing viewpoints of these movements.

Angela brought up a great point about integrating conversations about the election into my Women in the Workplace article. I plan to add to all of my articles how the election has affected these movements. I am also planning on adding more material from our class into my articles. For example, based on our Movement for Black Lives panel, I’d like to add viewpoints on how social media allowed the Black Lives Matter movement to include more voices from black women and queer black folks. Also, I agree with Angela that I could add a lot about the gig economy into the Women in the Workplace article by discussing how new economies and new technologies have helped women to advance in their careers

= Articles I plan to edit/add =

Black Lives Matter
I primarily plan to add research on the participation of black women, trans women, and other marginalized voices in the Black Lives Matter movement by:
 * Mentioning the website's inclusion of the hashtags #BlackWomenMatter, #BlackQueerLivesMatter, #BlackTransLivesMatter, and #BlackDifferentlyAbledLivesMatter
 * Adding information on the importance of the hashtag #BlackLivesMatter and how it is used in print and poster campaigns as well as web campaigns. I plan to draw from An Xiao Mina's presentation during class, much of which comes from her article.
 * Adding information on social's media role in facilitating BLM protests and activism across the world

Intersectionality
All three founders of the Black Lives Matter movement are women and Alicia Garza and Patrisse Cullors identify as queer[1]. The founders believe that their backgrounds have paved the way for Black Lives Matter to be an intersectional movement. Several hashtags such as #BlackWomenMatter, #BlackGirlsMatter, #BlackQueerLivesMatter, and #BlackTransLivesMatter have surfaced on the BLM website and throughout social media networks.

Marcia Chatelain, associate professor of history at Georgetown University, has praised BLM for allowing "young, queer women [to] play a central role" in the movement[2]. In contrast, critics of the movement have argued that BLM has sidelined black women's experiences in favor of black men's experiences. For example, critics argue that more protests have been organized around the killings of Michael Brown and Trayvon Martin than around the killings of Kayla Moore or Rekia Boyd.[3]

In response, Say Her Name was founded to focus on the specific oppression of black women and bring to light issues around sexual assault and rape by the police.[4]

Internet and social media
However, Blue Lives Matter and other opponents of BLM have also used memes to criticize and parody the movement[5], especially its ignorance of how many killings of black people are results of "black-on-black" crime. However, Brittney Cooper, a contributing writer at Salon, has argued that these critics have not fully acknowledged that most crime is intraracial.[6]

As of September 2016, the phrase "Black Lives Matter" has been tweeted over 30 million times[7], and Black Twitter has been credited with bringing international attention to the BLM movement. Using the hashtag #BlackLivesMatter has helped activists communicate the scale of their movement to the wider online community and stand in solidarity amongst other participants.[8]

Dr. Khadijah White, a professor at Rutgers University, argues that BLM has ushered in a new era of black university student movements. The ease with which bystanders can record graphic videos of police violence and post them onto social media has driven activism all over the world.[9]

Say Her Name
I plan to make mostly minor grammatical/spelling edits and add differentiated sources, since many sentences on the page reference the same sources.

Origins of the movement
The #SayHerName movement arose as a response to both the media's and the Black Lives Matter movement's tendencies to sideline the experiences of black women in the context of police brutality and anti-black violence. For example, police killings of black men as Trayvon Martin and Michael Brown have tended to garner a much higher degree of public outcry than the killings of black women such as Rekia Boyd and Shelly Frey.

Critics argue that Black Lives Matter disregards the gender-specific ways in which police brutality and state-sanctioned violence disproportionately affect black women, especially black queer women and black trans women. According to Kimberlé Crenshaw, one of the founders of the AAPF, black women's continued exclusion from stories about police brutality, racism, and anti-Black violence contribute to an erroneous notion that black men are the chief victims of racism and state-sanctioned violence, and underplay issues such as rape and sexual assault by police.


 * 1) SayHerName seeks to incorporate more consideration of gender, sexual orientation, and class into racial justice advocacy, an approach known as intersectionality. #SayHerName says it does not intend to replace or overthrow the Black Lives Matter movement, but instead aims to engage in active dialogue.

The movement's social media presence
The #SayHerName movement is one of many contemporary social justice campaigns that engage in hashtag activism and digital activism. Coined by the AAPF in February 2015, the #SayHerName hashtag provides an online community for activists, scholars, news reporters, and other social media users to participate in the conversation on racial justice along with other social movements, such as #BlackLivesMatter.

The #SayHerName hashtag has been used to highlight incidents of black women's fatal encounters with police and anti-Black violence and to mobilize activists.

Asian American Activism
I have created this article about Asian American activism.

I plan to contribute information about Asian Americans' activism in recent social movements, such as the 2015 Federal Complaints Against Harvard University's Alleged Discriminatory Admission Practice and the Shooting of Akai Gurley by:
 * Adding more information on the demographics and motivations of Asian American activists
 * Researching how movements have been organized over social media (WeChat, Weibo, Facebook, etc.)
 * Adding statistics on how many Asian Americans have protested in recent years compared to historical trends
 * Adding controversy and criticism by other activist groups, such as Black Lives Matter

Intro/Background
Asian American activism refers broadly to political movements and activities that Asian Americans have participated in. Asian immigrants to America had always been dissatisfied with the level of discrimination they received. For example, Asian Americans lamented the harsh regulation and discrimination opposed upon them with the Chinese Exclusion Act (1882 – 1943) and the Angel Island Immigration Station (1910 – 1940). Detainees in Angel Island turned to silent protests by writing poetry, often bitter and angry in nature, on the walls.[10] However, mass organizing did not fully begin until the 1960s.

For over 150 years since Asians first immigrated to the United States, they did not refer to themselves using the term "Asian American." The term was only coined by scholar Yuji Ichioka in 1968.[11] Beforehand, Asian immigrants had preferred to identify themselves based on ethnicity, such as Chinese, Japanese, and Korean.[12]

In the late 1960s, Asian Americans first began to organize on a large scale, resulting in the Asian American movement, a pan-Asian movement that lasted until the 1980s. The movement aimed to combat Asian Americans' shared oppression and race-based violence. The Asian American movement arose spontaneously all over the United States, often having different perspectives.

In the San Francisco Bay Area, activists from college campuses such as the University of California, Berkeley and San Francisco State University protested the absence of Asian American experiences from university curricula. Activists focused on a variety of issues, including improving the conditions of San Francisco's Chinatown, participating in Third World Liberation Front strikes, and protesting the viction of Filipino and Filipina residents from the International Hotel (San Francisco). Meanwhile, in New York City and on the East Coast, two nisei women protested the absence of a Japanese American community. In the Midwest, college students of Asian descent organized communities of support, and many eventually migrated to coastal cities that had stronger Asian communities.[13] Asian American college students nationwide also protested the model minority framework that many Americans had used to view Asians. Opponents of this framework considered it a myth that denied the challenges faced by Asian Americans in a white-dominated society.[14]

The Asian American movement is thought to have reached a high point after the 1982 murder of Vincent Chin, an employee of a Detroit engineering firm who was beaten to death by Ronald Ebens. Ebens had strong anti-Asian motives for committing the crime – he believed Chin was Japanese and partly responsible for the decline of the U.S. automotive industry.[15] Vincent Chin's murder and the resulting trials throughout the 1980s helped form a truly Asian American movement.[12]

Notable Asian American activist movements
Asian Americans have participated in a variety of movements and protests, including:
 * The Asian American movement from the 1960s to the 1980s, including the 1982 murder of Vincent Chin
 * The 2014 Shooting of Akai Gurley[16][17]
 * The 2015 Federal Complaints Against Harvard University's Alleged Discriminatory Admission Practice[18] [19]
 * The 2016 social media campaigns to increase representation of Asian Americans in Hollywood, including the use of Twitter hashtags #StarringJohnCho and #StarringConstanceWu
 * Opposition to Donald Trump in the 2016 United States Presidential Election[20]

Participation in social media
Since many Asian Americans are immigrants from Asia or have family living in Asia, it is more common for activists to use foreign social media platforms such as China's WeChat and Weibo[21], Korea's KakaoTalk[22], and Japan's LINE and Mixi[23], rather than American platforms such as Facebook and Twitter to engage in discussions and organize protests.[24]

For example, during the February 2016 protests against Peter Liang's conviction of manslaughter for the shooting of Akai Gurley, Chinese Americans organized rallies primarily through WeChat. Participants in these protests often shared information to their close friends via private "friend groups" on WeChat, and this allowed Chinese Americans to easily relay up-to-date information to their relatives in China and around the world.[25]

List of associated political groups

 * Third World Liberation Front
 * Japanese American Citizens League
 * Intercollegiate Chinese for Social Action
 * Korean American Coalition
 * Asian American Political Alliance at UC Berkeley[26]
 * Gidra Newspaper at UCLA
 * Philippine-American College Endeavor at SFSU
 * Asian American Studies Conference

List of notable activists

 * Richard Aoki
 * Grace Lee Boggs
 * Eqbal Ahmad
 * Yuji Ichioka


 * Velma Veloria

See also: Key figures of the Asian American movement
 * Helie Lee
 * George Takei
 * Constance Wu

Women in the Workforce
I plan to edit both Glass ceiling and Gender pay gap by:
 * Adding an intersectional perspective. These articles fail to accurately portray the disproportionate effect on women of color and immigrant women (with the exception of briefly touching on the Bamboo ceiling. I plan to add statistics on the average Black woman's salary compared to a white man, the average Latina woman's salary compared to a white man, and so on.
 * Adding information on the widespread social media and celebrity/public figure reaction to the recent popularization of the glass ceiling and wage gap during this third wave feminist movement. I plan to add key people who have popularized this movement, including Sheryl Sandberg and Jennifer Lawrence.

Sources:
NOTE: When I moved my sandbox into the mainspace for my Asian American activism article, I had to remove all my sources and other information from the sandbox.

The following page contains my last revision before moving my sandbox, including all my sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Asian_American_activism&oldid=751512676