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1 Dɔ-gbaŋ’ garta (Wood-plastic composite) 1.1 Yelitɔɣa kura 1.2 Buchi 1.3 Malibu sɔya 1.4 Pahigu ni Filinbu 1.5 WPC taha shɛbsiri yɛlima (sandwich boards) 1.6 Yala din biɛni 1.6.1 ʒiliɛli ni biehagu 1.7 Buɣum barina 1.7.1 Vihigu

Dɔ-gbaŋ’ garta (Wood-plastic composite)

Wood-plastic composites [(WPCs) “Do-gbaŋ’ garta”] shɛli Covema [1]nim ni pali daabilgu yuli Plastic-Wood® la nyala bin gari din tilahi nyɛ taabo do’zim, nni gban’doora shɛŋa siliminsi ni boli PE, PP, PVC, ni PLA la.

Taabo dari nuu yi yi, bi lahi too zanŋdi tilaa kam din mali mɔɣu mpahari gabiri gban’doora ŋɔ puuni. WPC nyɛla vaabu yim din pahi mɔɣu ni gbana bun’garita shɛli bini bɔli NFPCs la ni, ka mɔ’shaŋa din pahi vaabu vaabu ŋɔni nyɛ sim’paɣri, mɔ’sala nni din pahi pahi.

Ti’sheŋa gba lahi pahi bin gari ŋɔ ni, ka lee bi yina n papoloni ka ninbihi ŋɔ toi nyerili, tɔ amaa, ka kpaŋsiri ka bin gari maa gariti vienyela[2].

ʒaamani ŋɔ ni, duri sonŋbu tuma duzuɣri nim yina nnti zan WPC ŋmahindi sampaa da’kpema din ni tooi sɔŋ duu tingbanni. WPC gba yi pa nyɛla siliminsi ni bɔli bin shɛli LVT la, ka dini toi tum da’yɔɣra bie dantaliga tuma[3]. Yelitɔɣa kura

Tuma duzuɣu shɛli bi ni boondi Covema, ka bi be tiŋdu’ sheli bi ni booni Milan la nima nnyɛ ban kuli daŋ pili WPC ŋɔ malibu, ka daa zaŋ bi nuu pa di zuɣu 1960 yuuni la. Terragni mabihi (Dino mini Marco) nnyɛ ban daa yoi tuma duzuɣu ŋɔ maa. Covema nim daa pala WPC ŋɔ maa daa bi yuli Plastic-Wood®.[4][5] Di bi yuui, ka Icma San Giorgio tuma yili nim gba daa yina nti zaŋ bi nuu mpa so’shɛli din yen dɔli nti zaŋ taabo do’zim gabi gban’doora ni ka di liɛbgi WPC.[6] Buchi

WPC ŋɔ na nyela anashaara buni, di yi zaŋli ŋmahindi buchi sheli taabo dɔyu ni pun kur’ ya mebu ni. North America nim yuya ni bi zaŋ WPC ŋɔ mali sampahi din do tiŋgbanni ngari buni sheɣu kam. Tɔ amaa, bi lahi too manli mmandi zilgi naba bindɔhi, duu kuɣusi, n kpahiri gɔma, gaadiri, Takorti, dindɔya nni sampahi.[7] WPC yuun’tuuli zaŋ kpahi sampahi din do tigbanni daa nyela 1990 yuma la ni. Duzuyuri [8][9][10][11][12]ban mandi WPC gbub’mi ni di mali nirilim ʒiliɛli ni ka di gbub’bu lahi mali asama n gari taabo dɔ’muna, nnti pahi taabo’dɔ sheŋa bini vie tima ni di yuugi. Bi too mandi WPC ŋɔ ka tili taabo dɔɣu ŋmahinbgana.[13] Malibu sɔya

WPC ŋɔ Malibu shee, bi niɛmdila taabo dɔri, ka nyɛligi gbana, ka kpaali n gabi tab’ni, ngarili vienyela. Bi too kpaŋsiya ka garbu ŋɔ nyanga, ka bi doo li. Tɔ amaa, bi lahi too kahimdili. WPC ŋɔ Malibu ni, bi too zaŋdi gbaŋ mama, bee gbaŋ kura m mandili. Gbaŋ shɛŋa silminsi ni bɔli HDPE, LDPE, PVC, PP, ABS, PS, and PLA la zaaha nyɛla bini tooi mali shɛli maandili. Gbaŋ shɛli bini bɔli “Polyethylene” la ka bi lee zooi mmali mandili. Ti shɛŋa bini lahi too mali pahiri WPC ŋɔ ni nyɛla gbaŋkom tima, tablibu tima, Wuntaŋ’ guli tima nti pahi Fuhibu tima, din kuli yɛn niŋ ka di tooi tum tun shɛli bini malli ni di tum maa vienyela. Bi tooi doori WPC ŋɔ maa zaɣa vɔri bee zaɣa muna. Bi ni kahim shɛŋa la mee, bi tooi malli mandi yela pam zaŋ gbaai loori dindo’tabrisi hali ni nu chee ni baŋ yoriti.

Di Malibu du shɛŋa beni, bi yi gabrila tilahi ŋɔ, nnanyii zaŋli doo ti’kpila. Ka nan ti dɔli di nyanga n nyeligi ti’kpila ŋɔ nnan nam bi ni bɔri buni shɛli. Malibu du shɛŋa mii ban dii gabrimi, ka dii doo li yim nnam bi ni bɔri buni shɛŋa.[14]

Pirimla mo’ʒim ni pahi di tilahi ni la zuɣu, WPC Malibu shee tulim balimi, di yi zaŋ buɣsi tulim shɛli din be gbana doobi ni. Bi tooi baligiri tulim shɛli bi ni mali doori gbana Kaman 50oF (28oC), bi yi yɛn mali WPC. Tulim yi paagi 400oF (204oC) malibu ŋɔ shee, buɣum nyɛla din yɛn taa gi,[15] ka bi ni mandi bun shɛli ŋɔ pili pihigibu, bee ka di gbaŋkɔm pili taɣabu ka buɣum pili gɔhibu. Malibu shee, taabo do’zim mini gbana ŋɔ pubu, vaabu ni, n yɛn wuhi di doobu ya’ shɛli bini bɔli “Melt Flow Index” (MFI) la. Vaabu puuni, taabo do’zim ŋɔ n yii galisi, din ŋuna, MFI ŋɔ filimdimi. Pahigu ni Filinbu

WPC bi zahimda, di bi pɔŋda, kɔm ni bin niɛma bi too chibrili, hali di ni nyuri kɔm la zaa yɔli.[16] WPC kɔm nyubu kpaŋsirimi bi yi ti zaŋ gbaŋ sheŋa din nyuri kɔm, kaman PLA m pahi malli. Di lahi che ka di kpiɛŋ ni di yaa filimdimi.[17] Bi tooi duɣurili ni ti’shɛŋa, ka booni lala duɣuliŋɔ maa ‘Acetylation’, din yɛn niŋ ka di yaa kpaŋsi zaŋ kana di malgim ni tuma. [18]WPC nyɛla bun shɛli din liɛbgibu bi to, ka maaʒini shɛŋa bi ni mali n tumdi taabo do’tuma ŋɔ zaaha nyɛ din ni tooi tum liɛbgi WPC ŋɔ. WPC ŋɔ lahi nyɛla bun shɛli din ka barna ʒiliɛli ni, pirimla bi ni ni tooi zaŋ saɣari din nyɛ gbana biee taabo do zim malli la. tɔ amaa, pirimla di Malibu ni, bini zaŋdi ti’ sheŋa m Pahari mandili la zuɣu cheka di gba liɛbrila saɣari di tuma yi ti naai.[19] Di lee nyɛla din ni tooi liɛbgi n gabi WPC shɛli yaha malibu shee. Pahigu shɛli di ni mali ka taabo dɔɣu ka nyɛla dinni tooi liɛbgi di nam tiɛri di ni kuli bɔrili shɛm di malibu shee la. Din lahi pahi kpaŋsiri di daabilim nyɛla di ni bi yiri paintibu la. Bi namdilimi ni gbaŋkɔma kɔnkɔba, ka di nyɔhi ni tamkpayu gbaŋkɔma lee galisi. WPC pubu kɔbgi vaabu pisopoin ni nyɛ mo’ʒim la zaaha yɔli, di yaa biɛhagu ŋmanila Gbana (Polymer) kasi. Ti’nyɛlgira bi pahiri ‘polymer’ kasi nambu ni.[20][21] Din bɔŋɔ wuhirimi ni WPC yaa ni di kpieŋ bi paagi taabo do’muna yaa, ka nan yi cheni n’taɣari dɔli saha ni tulim.[22] Bin niembihi too ŋubiri WPC yaɣa shɛŋa din mali taabo do’zim la, hali bi ni bi ŋubirili m paari taabo’domuna la zaaha la yɔli, ka wuntaŋa gbarigir’ di yaɣa shɛŋa din mali gbaŋ’doora la mii.[23] Bi na bela vihigu ni, ni bi nya kɔ’kuɣa maasim ni biisim taɣabu taɣabu ni malli nyan’labibu shɛli. WPC taha shɛbsiri yɛlima (sandwich boards)

WPC taha shɛbsiri yɛlima ŋɔ nyɛla bi ni zaŋ gbana n dihi shɛbsi dɔ’gbaŋ garta sunsuuni mmali WPC taha yɛlima, ka di che ka taha shɛbsiri yɛlima ŋɔ maa mali kpɛŋ pam. Bi too malli nŋɔ maa mandi lɔra puuni mini ya mebu ni yaɣa yaɣa, nti pahi kuɣusi Malibu.[24] WPC ni mali yaa la zaaha yɔli, bi yi dooli zaɣa muna, di timsimi. Ka lala ŋɔ maa che ka di tuna kpalim be buni shɛŋa din bɔri timsim ko ni. Baŋsim pala yina n cheka bi tooi mandi WPC taha shɛbsiri yɛlima ŋɔ, ka di yaa mini di kpiɛŋ gari Gbaŋ’kpɛma mini WPC kura la, ka di daa lahi tɔm do tiŋa.[25] Yala din biɛni ʒiliɛli ni biehagu

WPC biehagu ʒiliɛli ni chɛnmi n dɔli pubu ni vaari shɛli din nyɛ gbana. Gbaŋ shɛŋa bi ni mali mandili ŋɔ pam yuuri ʒiliɛli ni pam.[26] Buɣum barina

Gbaŋ shɛŋa bi ni mali mandi WPC ŋɔ maa buɣum barina galisiya pam n gari taabo dari, pirimla di ni nyɛligiri la, ka di zaɣa nyɛligira maa mali tulim yarisi. Karachi shɛba ban su nɔli bahibu zaŋ kana ya mebu suhuri bi dɔya zaŋ kana WPC ŋɔ maa buɣum barina ni.[27][28] Vihigu

Plastics World, Volume 26,Parte 2 WPC machines & equipment. WPC pellets and additives. Composite decking lumber. "WPC gains ground at Domotex Hannover 2016". Retrieved 30 April 2016 Official website of Agripak Plastics World, Volume 28,Parte 2 Official Website of ICMA Clemons, C. (2002) "Wood-plastic Composites in the United States: The interfacing of two Industries" Forest Products Journal 52(6) 1.     "WPC Sheets - Wood Plastic Composite Foam Sheet Manufacturer from Rajkot". Retrieved 2017-02-08 "PRODUCERS: Decking, Railing, & Fencing". Retrieved 2017-02-08 1.     "JELU is a manufacturer of wpc - wood plastic composite". Retrieved 2017-02-08 1.     "China's wpc profile making machine Manufacturer & Supplier". Retrieved 2017-02-08 "Connect with 756 Wood Plastic Composite Manufacturers - Global Sources". Retrieved 2017-02-08 1.     http://www.wpcextruder.com/news_show-13.html Introduction of WPC Wood Plastic Composite Products "Wood-Plastic Composites production requires high formulation quality the feeding system" 1.     "Wood-Plastic Composites – Green Dot Bioplastics" 1.     Stark, N. (2001) “Influence of Moisture Absorption on Mechanical Properties of Wood Flour-Polypropylene Composites.” Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials 14 1.     doi10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.10.009ISSN0926-6690 doi10.1007/BF02615470ISSN0018-3768 Gibson, Scott (2008). “Synthetic Decking” [1]. Remodeling Magazine. "What are Ultra Polymers?". Retrieved 2014-04-17 ISBN978-1-4665-5203-6 1.     Hamel, S. (2011) Modeling the Time-dependent Flexural Response of Wood-plastic Composite Materials Dissertation, University of Wisconsin–Madison Morrell, J et al.(2006) “Durability of wood-plastic composites.” Wood Design Focus 16(3) "WPC honeycomb panels". Retrieved 2014-10-07 "Sandwich Panel Technology". Retrieved 2014-10-07 "Wood-Plastic Composites—Performance and Environmental Impacts"(PDF)doi10.1007/978-981-10-0655-5_2ISBN978-981-10-0653-1 Washington State University Wood Plastic Composites Information Center, "Fire Issues in Engineered Wood Composites for Naval Waterfront Facilities", 46th International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition, Long Beach, California, May 2001. Environmental News Network, "California Fire Codes Put Focus on Plastic Decking Concerns". 5 Nov 2007.