User:MLPQG/Choose an Article

Option 1

 * Article title
 * 1860 Mount Lebanon civil war


 * Article Evaluation
 * The article has a section called 1860 Damascus Massacres which is underdeveloped. I suggest the following:
 * More information can be added about the lead-up to the massacres
 * Add the individual character of the massacres
 * Add the dynamics of different aspects of society (religious, economic)
 * Information on diplomatic action can be added
 * The views of foreign countries on these massacres can be added (France, Russia, Austria, Prussia, England)
 * A sub-section can be added about the aftermath, including the hardships for the Jewish community
 * The sub-entry 1860 Damascus Massacres contains only three sources of which one is an academic book and the two others are websites. I suggest that more sources will be added to this sub-entry
 * Over half of the sources is from the works of Fawaz, other sources can be added
 * In the last sentence of the sub-entry, the article states 'others claim'. Who are these others?
 * The numbers of people killed during this massacre differ and seem confusing. These numbers can be stated differently and explained more in-depth


 * Sources
 * Baron, S. (1932, January). The Jews and the Syrian Massacres of 1860. In Proceedings of the American Academy for Jewish Research (Vol. 4, pp. 3-31). American Academy for Jewish Research.
 * Rogan, Eugene. (2004). Sectarianism and Social Conflict in Damascus: The 1860 Events Reconsidered. Arabica, 51(4), 493-511.
 * Forster, John, ; Hunt, Leigh, ; Fonblanque, Albany William. (1860). THE MASSACRE AT DAMASCUS. Examiner (London, England : 1808), (2740), 487-488.
 * Yeʼor, B. (1985). The Dhimmi: Jews and Christians under Islam. Associated University Presse.
 * Makdisi, U. (2000). The culture of sectarianism: community, history, and violence in nineteenth-century Ottoman Lebanon. Univ of California Press.

Option 2

 * Article title
 * History of Lebanon under Ottoman rule


 * Article Evaluation
 * This article is incomplete and can be further developed. The tone is neutral, and the writing easy-to-read. However, more in-depth information can be added to this article. I suggest the following:
 * The lead section does not include a description of the article's major sections (foreign intervention, religious conflicts)
 * The effect of the Egyptian occupation on locals in Lebanon should be added (revolts, resistance, increasing tensions between communities)
 * The section Religious conflicts is quite long and can be separated with different sub-headings
 * The section Foreign intervention in the 19th century and changing economic conditions starts in 1860, while foreign intervention can be traced back further. A piece can be added on foreign intervention from 1840
 * The section Foreign intervention in the 19th century and changing economic conditions is missing a source for a citation
 * Information can be added to the section Shihab dynasty. For the purpose of this course, I would merge the section on Bashir Shihab II with the sction Shihab dynasty
 * To the section on Shihab II I want to add information on Bashir Shihab II rule and its consequences on dynamics between different communities in Lebanon
 * On a formatting note, the first four headings (Ottoman conquest and early rule, Maan family rule, Shibab dynasty, Shibab II)
 * The article contains few sources for the length of the article. More sources need to be added to increase the reliability of the article


 * Sources
 * Fitzgerald, T. J. (2001). The Politics of Interventionism in Ottoman Lebanon, 1830-1861.
 * Ussama Makdisi, Culture of Sectarianism: Community, History, and Violence in Nineteenth Century Ottoman Lebanon. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2000.
 * Holt, P. M. (1966). Egypt and the Fertile Crescent (pp. 115-20). Longmans.
 * Harris, W., & Harris, W. W. (2014). Lebanon: A history, 600-2011. Oxford University Press.
 * Traboulsi, F. (2012). A history of modern Lebanon. Pluto Press.
 * Harik, I. F. (2017). Politics and change in a traditional society: Lebanon 1711-1845 (Vol. 4985). Princeton University Press.
 * Anderson, Betty S. (2020). SOCIAL TRANSFORMATIONS: Workers and Nationalists in Egypt, Mount Lebanon, and the Ottoman Empire in the 19th Century. In A History of the Modern Middle East (pp. 107-154). Redwood City: Stanford University Press.

Option 3

 * Article title
 * Sectarianism


 * Article Evaluation
 * This article includes information about 10 countries, which are briefly described. The section on Lebanon misses in-depth information on the development of sectarianism in the 19th century and seems to jump through time without justifying these jumps. I suggest the following:
 * In the section on Lebanon sectarianism is traced back to the mid-19th century. In this section the developments in the 19th century need to be added. The article fails to validate its statement with historical facts
 * The historical background in the section about Lebanon needs more information on the structure of Ottoman society in the 19th century and the changes it underwent
 * The Lebanese political system in the section about Lebanon uses more information on the hierarchical structure in the 19th century
 * The Lebanese political system jumps to 1943, while in the preceeding section the writer left off in the 19th century. The developments that took place in between can be described here
 * Information needs to be added from different sources to nuance the section on Lebanon
 * Since the 1840 Mount Lebanon conflict and the civil war in 1860 and their consequences should be added to this section, since academic writers state that secularism originated from these time
 * The headings need to be reviewed. The sub-headings in the text are the same format as the their headings. For all countries these in-text heading formats need to be adjusted
 * The section on Lebanon contains mainly sources from Makdisi and Rogan. I would like to add more sources to fact-check


 * Sources
 * Caldwell, Donald K. (2009). The Hegemony of sectarianism in Lebanon.
 * Makdisi, Ussama (2000). The Culture of Sectarianism: Community, History, and Violence in Nineteenth-Century Ottoman Lebanon. Berkeley: University of California Press.
 * Dina Rizk Khoury. (2002). The Culture of Sectarianism: Community, History, and Violence in Nineteenth-Century Ottoman Lebanon. The Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 33(1), 163-164.
 * Dodge, Toby. (2020). Introduction: Between Wataniyya and Ta'ifia; understanding the relationship between state‐based nationalism and sectarian identity in the Middle East. Nations and Nationalism, 26(1), 85-90.
 * Weiss, Max. In the Shadow of Sectarianism: Law, Shi’ism, and the Making of Modern Lebanon (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2010).