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The Kaufman-Roberts model (or Formula) is a multi-dimensional Erlang method used to assess blocking when services requests can be allocated in various ways to a common network resource pool. The formula was developed independently by J. S. Kaufman and James Roberts and published separately in seminal papers in 1981.

1981 Papers
In 1981, J. S. Kaufman published an article called "Blocking in a Shared Resource Environment" in the IEEE Transactions on Communications journal that elaborated on the evaluation of blocking experienced by "customers" in contending for a commonly shared "resource". The same year, James Roberts published " "

The Kaufman-Roberts functions essentially compute blocking probability when the total capacity of a link is composed of a different number of traffic flows or channels, and each flow or channel is smaller than the maximum capacity of the link. The model can therefore be considered as an extension to the one-dimensional classical Erlang-C model developed in 1917. As telecom networks have become more complex with the mapping of services requests to data channels of various speeds, the Kaufman Roberts model allows to theoretically analyse the behaviour of a network under load.