User:MOHAMMAD ALMATLAQ/sandbox

Barcode detecting system by infrared with signals from satellite (Space based-infrared system)

Mohammad Hisham Al-matlaq Dept. of Information Technology Gold Coast, Australia Mhma33@yahoo.com

Abstract— This research is talking about infrared technique for detecting and scanning for lost items by satellite communication systems that takes the signals from the satellite in the space and makes an analysis to compare the signal from the satellite to the recorded data stored on the device if they matches with each other ,send the signal to the satellite and then, send the signal back to the device to scan the lost item ,which means that item it has a bar code or distinguish number recorded into device .The satellite it depends on GPS technique to track where is the item lost, These techniques are used RFID with this device to detect and track where is the device ,that these using nowadays in implant medical devices such as a track Alzheimer’s patient.

Keywords-Space based-infrared system (SBIS); infrared; signals; satellite; RFID; GPS; SBIS. I.	INTRODUCTION The idea of this research it depends space based-infrared system by a small device such as a sensor or mobile device or similar to these devices. Nowadays these techniques are developed by intelligent technique that’s called robotics for track the human locations [12].This device consists of such algorithms inside it and are programmed very well to track the item or the object that wants to track it and found it, so these can be done by the signals from the satellite it rely on GPS technique to track where is the item. For Example, the GPS techniques in vehicles are have a GPS technique to track these vehicles, which means these have an algorithm programmed that’s called map-matching technique it based on visual basic 6.0[10]. The space based-system using nowadays because it has many advantages such as an effective way and low cost implementation especially defense-support program (DSP). [3].In this research it has a case study for using this technique such as a track a patient who have Alzheimer disease to track where he/or she if lost their directions .These techniques are used by radio frequency identification technology (RFID)[9].So infrared technique or RFID are needs a GPS to track these items or human beings .GPS(Global positioning System) is a satellite navigation system it available in an airborne and land-based users [7].So GSP is a technique it takes the signals from the satellite ,so it needs a network for that. Thus infrared wireless LANS’s designed to achieve the sending and receiving by link it is called intensity modulation with direct detection (IM/DD) [15].This technique created to save a time consuming for searching about lost items. On other words this technique called Frequently Lost Object (FLO) system [2]. II. PROPOSED SYSTEM The proposed system means which another systems are user the same system and similar ideas with different procedures and implementations. For example, if vehicle it met an accident and needs to help the driver as soon as possible and to avoid as much as they can ,by this device that inside the car by send a message alarm to the nearest control center and then call the ambulance to help them[1].Another example,FLO system (Frequently Lost Object ) ,such as a wallet ,key, watch ,etc.[2].

II. DESIGHN CRITERIA The infrared technique used in this research for many reasons, one of these reasons they have a high speed capability at low coasts if compared to radio media, because it has a short-range, with different bandwidth between these techniques [15].Space infrared –based system it is consists of many parts one f these parts geosynchronous (GEO), sensors, the low earth orbit (LEO), highly elliptical orbit (HEO), antennas for sender and receiver [3].This device supported via GPS technique to detect the lost item, it have many parts such as space and user, control segments ,and the most important element is the receiver ,to receive the signal from the satellite and to make an Analysis by map-matching technique ,which means that was recorded into device and in the lost item ,map-matching they will happened when the device scanning about the lost item ,if they match with each other[7].And then send an alarm via a device such as the alarm installed into car[1].So the sender is the satellite  and the receiver is the device it is supported with a chip and supported by GPS technique .For example, RFID tags for passing the human body it has the same idea for tracking and detecting ,so this tag as a chip it is consists of algorithm and it programmed very well[13][11].

IV. RESEARCH BACKGROUND The system works as a steps are controlled and programed by an algorithm, such as an example that used in FLO system (Frequently lost objects), the system uses radio-frequency to detect the object that the user who want to track the object [2].First of all, this procedure as a scenario, starting with the user when who want to detect the lost object and ending with detection by the device and return the results, to the user, so it needs for network in that area. The infrared wireless LAN’s network to receive the signal’s from the satellite communication with intensity modulation with direct detection (IM/DD) [15].So in this network should be has a sensor to receive the signal from the satellite, it’s called Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) [1].This sensor it could be provided by GPS technique to provide the navigation system and tracking, so the GPS receives the signals and make an analysis by processing and stimulating for the transmission [7]. When the user wants to detects the lost object by hold the device, and scan the area which means the wireless LAN’s network that has the sensor [15],so the signal it comes from the satellite. The device it has a “key finder” button that using the visual lighter to detect the object and provided by an alarm that’s found in the vehicle [2][1].This process it done by map-matching technique, which means if matching happened when they compared by the signal from the satellite and the data that’s stored in the device with the same data to the lost object[7].The sensor in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN),it is a small size and have a low power to operate this sensor in that device ,and runs on battery powers ,and works in foggy condition ,and bad weather ,epically need it this facility in the dark if the user want to search in the night [1].

To design this device it needs some features and improvement from the FLO system (Frequently Lost Objects), one of these features such as Task Improvement, leanerability, and unobtrusiveness [2].Satellite communication system needs two parties in a space segment and the ground segment, these requirements to do the link equation between two links, and should take in the consideration the size for the ground and the space [5].The low –cost satellite, because the sensor based on the integration between the infrared and the control sensor, so the detectors are based on a bipolar silicon for processing the mechanical structure[6].So the Task improvement it’s what is the time estimated to search for the lost object within a some period ,this is the most important element to find the lost object ,so increase the speed to find the lost object[2].This the way to find the lost object it will be done by GPS facility which is provide the device with sensor to find out with a small amount of time. The GPS time which found in all the satellite which it carried the stable Cesium, and rubidium, it will synchronous with another time in a common time standard, all of these describe the GPS time ,so these standards should be measured and calculated correctly to get the best estimate, and to get the precise the suitable position [18].

Second feature, Unobtrusiveness it’s a process of tracking the lost objects that the people, they want to find these objects quickly ,with efficiency to minimize the cognitive load, with clear results ,next one it comes learnability that concern about how the user knows about how  to use the system ,so it’s for all users ,whatever they want because the goal of any system to be easy for users [2].

V. PREVIOUS WORK Many projects they have the same characteristics or properties, but with different procedures for how to apply for that system. One of these system, tracking the vehicles that have met an accident and they have an alarm inside them, when they have met an accident the alarm it will sent to the nearby ambulance, so the sending process it’s done by the signal between the vehicle and the ambulance, which provided by RF communication them [1].Withe the same application of using GPS, and infrared in the car navigation, under foggy condition to avoid the accident, which is designated by the USA’s Department of Defence (DoD),this project is designated in military purposes ,with the same goal as tracking for the car that has an accident ,because these of them they are using the GPS technology with satellite communication between two terminals [18].So these examples are an example of GSP tracking and localization, which means it’s using the map-matching technique, which integrate the vehicle positioning data with digital road  from the network, and compared to positioning  system data recorded ,and then analysis by comparing and mapping to check if these matching or not[10].

Now examples are using in the medicine and in a social life. In a medicine field such as an Indian research for a microchip implants, and what is the technology used in racking, so the purpose of this research it was about using the RFID (Radio frequency identification),which implanted into human body to access it and to identify in the human body[14]. .With the same technique as an Indian research by using RFID system, but by the sensing the backscattering and analysed to consider the specific medical application such as a monitoring of the brain for someone who patient neurosurgery treated [9].These systems are using the RFID system for many reasons, one of these reasons are small and low-cost, and they are using a huge amount of RFID tags, which recognized with radio frequency [11].Thus, RFID with UHF so called UHF-RFID tags’ are using also in human body ,but with ad-hoc design methodology ,these care for medical case to achieve the STENTag ,which means to sense the state of the vessel in the blood in the human body that was implanted into it[13].

In the social life when someone who want to find the lost object such as a wallet, key, tools, etc. Such as a system for finding the frequently lost objects in the home, on other word it’s called the FLO system (frequently lost object),is to find the user to find the lost objects in the home ,by small device with a sensor called “key finder”[2].

Another example to track and to follow the object, one of these it’s called mobile robot which is based by the infrared sensor inside the device, but by comparing to RFID it has a difference between them one of them, it is achieved by the low-cost infrared transmitter and receiver pair [12].But the RFID, it is process the backscattering signals with the purpose to detect the information its related to that object [9].

VI.Methodology The methodology used in this paper depends on how to receive the signal from the satellite, and receive it by the sensor, whatever the way and the device because; it has the same procedure to find the object by the sensor. Such as Wireless Sensor Network (WSN),to detect and monitor the object in the military ,or in the home automation, and can be applied to gather the information from the incoming flow of traffic in the vehicle ,it is a good sensor in the vehicle because it’s a small in size ,and it has a low energy consumption, because runs by two way such as  a battery power or by solar energy[1].Or by two sensors as geosynchronous (GEO),which is using the HEO(Highly Elliptical Orbit),with the LEO(The Low Earth Orbit)[3].In this paper to user the infrared by space –based system that’s called SBIRS,it has a sensor which operating in the multiple spectral basds,the sensor it’s called sensor band [4].In the GPS system it has a sensor in the infrared sensor ,which will give the time differences between  the distance ,and the image of nearby object ,that the user who want to detect and to find where is the object [18].In the RFID radio-sensors, these are embedded which implanted into medical devices such as orthopaedic to make the identification for the medical issues ,which by sensor as a tag in the RFID system [13]. The device it has a sensor which supported by the GPS system to detect where is the lost object ,to take the signal from the satellite to send it to the sensor ,then navigate where is the lost object. The GPS system it has a three parts the satellite to receive the signal, and the control segment for monitoring, that consists of the data uplink and the master control, third part is the innumerable users of the system in the earth [18].to make an alarm as in the vehicle ,so in this project the same to use the latitude and longitude information about the lost object to control section through GSM,but without vibration sensor because no need to use it ,because it was used for the car accident but in the lost object it does not have any something like crash ,or an accident[1].When the user pressed the key to find the lost object that found in the device ,to detect the lost object .This “key finder” device takes the signal about the location as a visual cue with audio as a beep to indicate the lost object has been found it [2].

When the device detect the object by such an algorithm inside the device and by coding and encoding process ,so send the signal back to the satellite for analysing, then send it back to the earth to check it is found it or not. The post-processing it has a special purpose and characterization to get the target and support the detailed about the location [3].After to get the image to be as 3D coordination, such an algorithm to calculate and to display the accurate 3D to the receiver [7].All operations are done in the device, by the GPS system and with infrared technique, so another way such as RFID, or with infrared –space based system, with different algorithm, technique and procedure to apply for that device.

When the RFID technology combined with infrared-space based systems to get high detection, and to search for any objects, such as in the human body, or anything such as a wallet, key, with less error will occur. To consider two sources of errors in the GPS technique, the relativistic effects that’s predicted by Einstein’s and special theories related to relativity, second source Ionospheric, and tropospheric of the distortion, which takes the path from the satellite to the user [18].

More techniques to send and receive the signal to the satellite and send back to the earth, by the GSM card which is inside the device when it detects the object. The GSM MODULE that inside the device it will send the data that has taken from the object to the control unit, which inside into device as an emergency number [1].Or by just provide an audio sound as a beep to indicate it found the lost object [2].But beeping if a small object it preferred, or by call as an emergency if the object large such as a car [2].

The analysis for the image that has taken from the device after detected, whatever by beep or by calling to the emergency. By using the map-matching technique from navigation system, and makes a processing which includes the resolution algorithm ,which programmed and realized by visual basic 6.0,because it get high precise and high resolution for the image for the object[10].

In this device it has an infrared technology, but can suing the radio but so difference between two of them, as a speed feature, capacity and another characteristics .Infrared it provides a high transition of data at low-cost, infrared and the light are close to gather for wavelength, it’s consists of intensity modulation and with direct detection (IM/DD) for large area with short carrier, but the radio it’s provide the large fluctuation in received signals [15].

VII. SPACE INFRARED-BASED SYSTEM (SIBS) In this paper the device that created to detects the lost object it designated by Space infrared-based system (SIBS), for many reasons of these reasons it was supported by the defence support program (DSP),since it low cost and very effective device, and as well are supported in a technological support [3][4].For example, it is a major air force acquisition ,is managed by the SBIRS system program office(SPO) in Los Angeles[4].The operational requirement for the SMIRS is consists of two main parts ,capstone requirement document (CRD),and another requirement is Operational Requirement Document (ORD)[3][4].SBIRS its focus on the development for two main operations ,High component (GEO and HEO) satellite ,these operations are provided a sufficient capability to satisfy all of the SBIRS high performance [3].These tools are will be in the device to detects the lost object ,and then when detecting it will read the data from the memory and then compare with each other to map-matching [16][10].The signals in the device it has a SMIRS technique ,in it the signal from the satellite and then back to the control to receive it [3].In this paper it depends on SBIRS but RFID[18],but we can use the sensor from the SBIRS  ,because the low-cost satellite based on the integrated infrared, so we need to add in the earth –bound orbit attitude control system (ACS)[6].to design the interface for the device for the SBIRS for detecting the images as figure 1below[3]: Fig.1The interface forums for SBIRS To get the image from SBIRS interface and then compare to the data stored in the device, which means to read the data from the memory as a Figure 2 below [17]:

Fig.2 Read the data from the memory with the interface

When the user use the ‘Key finder” in the device and to receive the signal from the satellite by the GPS technique ,then receive it by the device  and ,by such an algorithm to do the processing in the image for the object ,it’s already stored in the device by barcode or any similar data then by processing on that image ,to display it after read it from the memory and map-matching to compare, then send an alarm by beeping or by call an emergency to get the lost object where is it, to pick it up, and reach to the object by tracking the object by GPS technique [1][17][18][10].The SBIRS it applied in a many field such as a defence ,military and airplane.

The next communication comes after the satellite it will be the mobile broadband when the device used to call the emergency by GSM card that, installed into mobile, because it has a high frequency band, other thing it can combined with channel models such as an atmospheric attenuation [8].In the SBIRS it has a mobile ground terminals (MGTs), that are used to process the data to send the signal to the satellite back [3].The device when send the image it was sending by the GPS technology ,which inside the device by the 3GP technology, by the GSM card [3][8].The GPS system it has an architecture commercial all of the same sketch as Figure as below[7]:

Fig.3 Sketch about how the GPS system works in details as an algorithm

As above, the figure it shows how the GPS technology works, and how these processing works with each other, to display it on the screen on the device.

The SBIRS system it considered to design the small device to detect the small objects, because it has a many parameters performance, by the table in a figure 4 below [3]: Fig .4 the main key performance parameters in the SMIRS system. VIII.CASE STUDY CAR AUTOMATEIC   ACCIDENT SYSTEM (CALLING SYSTEM)

Nowadays a lot of new cars have a new system it produced by the technological standards, and by the artificial intelligence (AI), to reduce a lot of injury people when they have an accident, to give them the surgery very quickly when the device calling by the GSM inside the device to the nearest ambulance or ambulance. These systems have a Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), which found and inventories for the monitoring military and for home automation, especially in the security, so the WSN in the traffic light and in the traffic load, because it’s a small in size and it have a small energy [1].As well the same system was created by the Department of Defence (DoD), in the USA [18].

The system works, when the car met an accident the device it will send a message to the control centre, which is connected to the nearest ambulance, and the signal it was connected between the ambulance and the car that had met an accident [1].

As in the Vehicle the block diagram it looks like this block diagram below [1]

Fig. 5 Block Diagram that should be inside the device.

For the same block of diagram, it probably to predict how the design of the device, which means the hardware for the device for how to collect the information, and how to receive the signal from the satellite, and how GPS works in the car navigation, so the main duty it will be in the device to detect the object and, beeping an alarm as in the car if had met an accident [18].

Fig. 6 How the GPS works with the infrared in the car navigation.

In the next side ,it will be the receiver the signal as a call from the sensor when beeping for the object ,which means it found it ,next step it will call to the device or any number that the user ,who will choses the number and it recorded into the device ,which the device takes the number from the memory. This chip it designated with infrared with the same device by the laser radiation and with X-ray as well, and directly the memory it will read-out, which connected with the infrared (sensor), by a smartcard which installed into the device, and the sensor it was Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)[16][18][17].

IX.DESIGN OF THE DETECTION TARGET OBJECT To specify the object and to be a distinguish to another objects, so should specify how the object look likes Such as barcode for the item which known ,one of these items such as mobile, electronic device. On other words, specify the distance and between the target and the device, by such a calculation and an algorithm, it takes two states one of them describe the direction, and another to specify the distance as follow (Ɵ, α) [12].It based on the unobtrusiveness methodology which is track the lost object ,by tracking the misplaced lost object [2].The most complexity problem to find the lost object ,it determined by which be distinguish and specify the particular object ,not other object with the same characteristics. Such as if two objects with the same characteristics, two lost phone for example IPhone, so should be the device looking for only device ,which specified in the device by the serial number ,or barcode ,to select just only the specified IPhone which is stored in the device data ,and retrieve it from the RAM and the memory which inside the device ,and then to send an alarm to by beeping to indicate ,this object which identified and found it ,because it has the same characteristics[2][17][8].

The implementation for these devices ,are designated for looking the lost item ,which sometimes are different for the implementation ,whatever to implement these devices ,but they have the same way to find the lost object, and detected whatever by the infrared space-based system ,or RFID or by the infrared with sensor to follow the mobile device ,all of them are suites to find the object [9][2][12].And back to the equation to find the target which specified by theta and alpha ,so theta it will equal to zero ,to represent the nominal heading of the follower ,so the IR transmitter and the receiver are chosen the direction of the target Ɵ ,to the light of the IR principle to be invisible to the human ,so the later and the former it will be installed on the target ,to identified by the device[12].And then because the former and the latter it will installed on the device ,so how to identify these letters and the former ,by the device which has the key finder ,to identify the object ,and then send an alarm to the device ,to check the status which found in the device if they found it or not ,or by beeping [17][1][18][12].So these processes are processing and done by encoding and decoding to the signal from the sender and the receiver to check the correction of connection between the sender and the receiver .The device coded the signal by such an a protocol between the sender and the receiver ,it called IC pair, so the IR light it will received many signals in a wide range of directions[12].So the signal between the sender and the receiver in the IR technique it will be cooperated with the GPS technique ,with each other to monitor the signal from the sender and the receiver, by simulating and evaluation the signal[7][12].To show how these processing are done and evaluate the signal and stimulate ,it depict by the chart in the figure below[7]. . Fig. 6 	Flowchart of GPS signal processing and transmitting and stimulated in the receiver. For encoding and decoding the signal to be correction and to exact direction, so should follow one of the coding and encoding depends on algorithm, which it will inside the device and it will work depends these algorithm, the encoding process it takes the data which have taken from the image of that object to make an analysis for that object and, decode these data for that object to identify is the same data from encoding, which it designate by encoder and decoder devices inside the device. The figure below to show how these parts connection with each other [17].

Fig. 7 	Flowchart of Image sensor is connected to the memory to detect the object.

The FLO system (Frequency Lost Object), it has a 3D-iD system broadcasts, which have the signal,and the small ID tags, the tags which they inside the device it will encode a unique identifier the specific lost object ,which it will carrier into the rebroadcast the signal[2].To show the encoding processes how they will be as a figure below in figure 8[2]. Fig. 8 	Flowchart for encoding image object detection and it works by encoder inside the device to do it.

The encoder connected to the Microprocessor and the memory, which will take the data from the object and encoding the signal between the device and the signal from the GPS to track the object [17].The 3D-iD system it has an method to check the accuracy, then when the attach the tag to each to track, which the tag ID and the object are linked with each other to the database inside the device, which are stored in the memory [2][17].In the receiver it has a chip it’s supported the GPS technique ,and the stimulation and the processes ,which will determine the position and the data-logged rate, that will determined  and coordinate  the GPS signal ,which is based on the satellite and antenna [7].The modulation technique for radio wireless systems ,which includes many frequency modulation ,in the radio receiver which employ and followed by a heterodyne or homodyne down-converter ,for the signal carrier the down-converter it is responsible for the received carrier ,this is the function of the IM/DD channels ,which are provided the wireless systems radio modulation[15].

In addition, to the target properties they are added to the device, when the user who searching for the lost object, which identified by the barcode or serial numbers, which added in the wireless sensor in the receiver of the sensor to receive the signal ,which provided with the GPS technique. The user interacts with the system with a touch-sensitive LCD panel ,to be easy to use by different users ,which from the menu who can use the graphical location ,which it displays in the screen with a high pixels to show the lost object with accuracy, and with sending to the device the beeping an alarm[2][7][1].Every process to be achieve successfully  completed ,it depends on how the signal it encoding and the receiver receives correctly and without delay time, to assure that must use the advance channel coding techniques such as TC and  LDPC codes, these techniques are used nowadays in most satellite systems to provide the broadcasting services to the terminals[8].

To protect the device from the attacking and to get a good result, must it provided with a new protecting techniques to avoid any attacking, because the most important element to achieve in this device the accuracy for the location for the object. Eavesdropping between the sender and the receiver by eavesdrop the communication frequency between them to acquire the secret information, which these data are stored inside the device, which means are not allowed for third parties such as a data in military field, weapons, etc.[2].Sometime the attack it will be physically such as when the device it has a fatal defect ,which is a weak in the design of the device, and unsecure the tag which it has the secret data ,for the object and the location[2].To check the correction of the communication between the sender and the receiver ,so the GPS system are consisting three parts to check the connection and monitoring for the data[18].This system also it provide the prototype evaluation ,which it supported to the design criteria with a different methods and a different standards such as a cognitive walkthrough ,heuristics evaluation, and third evaluation prototype minimalist design and error prevention, to protect the device from the attacking and facing many problems associated in the understanding the communication between terminals [2].After add every facility in the device ,make an analysis for the device by simulating the system by the software such as PROTEUS SOFTWARE ,and to get the result and compare it with the actual result [1]. XIII. References

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