User:MRh Hols Fush/sandbox

Since many decades now, Genetic engineering has been introduced into human world and some criticize its existence while some believe it is another way we can improve and solve some societal problems particularly health issues and genital issues. Decades ago, the first genetically modified organism to be created was a bacterium in 1974, the same techniques were applied to mice in 1999 and the first genetically modified foods were made available whereby Genetic engineering has a number of useful applications, including scientific research, agriculture and technology. Using genetic engineering techniques, one can transform microorganisms such as bacteria or yeast, or transform cells from multicellular organisms such as insects or mammals, with a gene coding for a useful protein, such as an enzyme, so that the transformed organism will overexpress the desired protein. One can manufacture mass quantities of the protein by growing the transformed organism in bioreactor equipment using techniques of industrial fermentation, and then purifying the protein Some genes do not work well in bacteria, so yeast, insect cells, or mammalians cells, each a eukaryote, can also be used. These techniques are used to produce medicines such as insulin for human who is diabetes patient, human growth hormone and vaccines, supplements such as tryptophan, aid in the production of food (chymosin in cheese making) and fuels. Other applications involving genetically engineered bacteria being investigated involve making the bacteria perform tasks outside their natural cycle, such as making biofuels, cleaning up oil spills, carbon and other toxic waste and detecting arsenic in drinking water. Certain genetically modified microbes can also be used in bio mining and bioremediation, due to their ability to extract heavy metals from their environment and incorporate them into compounds that are more easily recoverable. Genetic engineering should always be appreciated by humans because it's a new field that serves as another form of technological advancement to human evolution these days. Although, it is believed through research that, genetic engineering has a lot of critics and supporters that actually argued on the fact that genetic modifying has some positive and negative affect to individuals and the society. Lately, genetic engineering has contributed a lot to human evolution in different areas like agriculture, medical research, animals, human etc. According to an article posted by Sustainable Pulse, it says that almost 38 countries worldwide have officially banned the production of genetically modified crops, and just 28 countries including United State Grow G.M crops. And this proves that Genetic Engineering truly have a lot of critics in Agricultural perspective, and they believe that making up genes of different crops tends to make society vulnerable to some fatal diseases. GMOs, or genetically modified organisms, literally means plants, animals or human that have been genetically engineered with DNA from bacteria, viruses and other animals and plants. These experimental combinations of genes cross the natural species barrier and have not been proven safe. Studies increasingly show a connection between GMOs and an array of health risks and environmental concerns. Clearly, genetic engineering is a bump in respect to its process because according to James Watson and Francis Crick who are recognized as one of the 90’s scientists. They formulated that genetic engineering is being made by a small piece of circular DNA called a plasmid which is extracted from the bacteria or yeast cell. A small section is then cut out of the circular plasmid by restriction enzymes, 'molecular scissors'. The gene for human insulin is inserted into the gap in the plasmid. This plasmid is now genetically modified.