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QUARRY MATERIALS FOR CONSTRUCTION

5.1	General This report incorporates the details of the investigation for quarry materials required for construction in respect of their likely sources, availability and suitability. Proposed quarries for construction purposes are investigated. This also includes details on locations of quarries shown on maps and charts. The details of sampling and testing carried out and results in the form important index values with possible end use has incorporated.

Investigation also includes identification of potential sources of the quarry materials and making a qualitative and quantitative assessment of the materials for road construction. The material location survey has included study of all available information such as geological maps, data published by the various authorities regarding location of construction materials.

5.2	Objectives The information on material sources was carried out with the following basic objectives.

	Source location, indicating places, kilometerage, availability and the status whether in operation or new source. 	Approximate lead distance from the gravity centre and type of access road. 	Test results, indicating the quality of materials along with their classification in details. 	Probable use indicating the likely use of materials at various stages of construction work i.e. sub-base, base, wearing course and cross drainage structures.

Detail information of different quarries recommended by Govt agencies is taken and potential new sources of quarries are also investigated around the project area. The samples from various identified sources have been collected for laboratory testing as per IRC/BIS standards.

5.3	Location and Description of Aggregate Quarries. Stone quarries have been primarily identified as stone aggregate source for construction of various components of road, namely, Asphaltic Concrete (AC), Dense Bituminous Macadam (DBM), Wet Mix Macadam (WMM) as well as for the cement concrete works. Investigation for the stone quarries is done based on the existing licensed quarries authorized by government agency. Aggregate required for road construction should be procured from quarries approved by Bihar State Pollution Control Board. Air and noise emissions from quarry should be well within the prescribed limit. 5.4	Laboratory Test Representative samples from the stone quarries were collected and tested in the laboratory. Following tests have been conducted on stone metal samples from the above quarries. I. 	Determination of Specific gravity II. Aggregate Impact Value as per I.S: 2386 t -4 III. Moisture Absorption Test Value as per I.S: 2386 part -3 IV. Los Angeles Abrasion Test value as per I.S: 2386 part -4 V. 	Flakiness Index as per I.S>2386 part I VI 	Stripping value as per AASHTO VII 	Soundness test as per I.S. 2386 part-5 (loss with Sodium sulphate 5 cycles) The accepted norm for the suitability for aggregates that are relevant for the material to be used in the bituminous pavement and concrete works as given below;

Test	Limitations	Specification Aggregate Impact value	Not `more than 30% for non bituminous Work and 27%& m24% for DBM and BC Work respectively. IS: 2386 (Part-IV)-1963 Los Angeles Abrasion Value	Max 40% for non bituminous work and 35% & 30% for DBM and BC work respectively	IS: 2386 (Part-IV)-1963 Moisture Absorption    	Not more than 1% for Bituminous concrete And not more than 2% for other works	IS: 2386 (Part-III)-1963 Combined Flakiness and elongation	Not more than 30%	IS: 2386 (Part-I)-1963 Stripping value	Not less than 95% retained coating for bituminous work	IS: 6241-1971 Soundness( Loss with sodium sulphate 5 cycles)	Not more than 12%	I.S. 2386 part-5

Fine Aggregate (Sand) • Gradation IS: 383 -1970 • Silt content and Fineness Modulus IS: 383 -1970 • Specific Gravity IS: 2386 (Part-III)-1963 Granular Sub-Base • Gradation (MORTH) • Atterberg’s Limits IS: 2720(Part-V)-1985) • Modified Proctor Test IS: 2720(Part-VIII)-1983) • California Bearing Ratio (CBR) IS: 2720(Part- XVI)-1987) 5.5	Results and Discussions on Aggregate Quarries	Laboratory test results of coarse aggregate samples are presented in Table 5.1.	Table 5.1 Test Results of Stone Metal / Shingles (Course Aggregates) Name of Quarry	Type of Materials	Specific Gravity	Aggregate Impact Value (%)	Moisture Absorption (%)	Los Angeles Absorption Test value (%)	Flakiness Index	Stripping Value	Soundness Test (with sodium sulphate 5 cycles)			(IS 2386 part-4)	(IS 2386 part-3)	(IS 2386 part-4)	(IS 2386 para-1)	(AASHTO T–182)	(IS 2386 part-5) % Karashar of sakri gali (Sahebganj)	Crushed Stone Aggregate	2.6	16	1.6	16.2	12	2.2	6.4 Tinpahar	Crushed Stone Aggregate	2.88	15	0.32	18.4	14.2	2.4	7.2 Jamalpur	Crushed Stone Aggregate	2.68	22.4	1.05	32.4	22.1	6.4	16.2 (Redish)								Sheikhpura	Crushed Stone Aggregate	2.66	27.2	1.1	34.5	21.8	6.7	17.3 (Pinkish)

The results of Physical and Mechanical properties of two potential sources viz, Pakur, and Tinpahar show that these quarries are of good quality stone that are suitable for all works pertaining to Bituminous, Non Bituminous and Concrete works.

The results of stone metal reveal that stripping value and soundness values (Loss with sodium sulphate 5 cycles) are higher for Jamalpur Stone Metal than the permissible value and as such they are not suitable for bituminous work in roads and concrete work in bridges. However, they can be used in G.S.B. and W.M.M. layers. Jamalpur quarries were considered suitable keeping in view its quality, availability and distance for GSB and WMM construction work. The rail lead from Jamlpur to Murliganj 209 km by road.

Sakrigali quarries are suitable for all types of work viz. for bituminous and structures work and non-bituminous work. The lead from Skrigali in Bihar (for stone chips) to Murliganj is 154 km by road. Moreover Analysis of Cost for carriage by rail and road has been worked out for stone metal and is shown rate analysis. Carriage cost by road has been analyzed on the basis of RCD, Bihar’s Schedule of Rate (S.O.R.). The sources identified including their location details, lead distance to gravity centre is tabulated in Table 5.2. Table 5.2 Lead Chart From	To	Road Distance (Km.)	Average Lead (in Km) Karashar of Sakrigali (Sahebganj)	Murliganj	154	154 Sheikhpura	Murliganj	220	220

5.6	Sand Quarries Sources of natural sand have been primarily identified for construction works and are shown in Figure 5.2. From these sources sand will be obtained from bed of rivers and streams during dry periods. Coarse sand is available in Kosi River (Near Saharsa). Fineness Modulus of sand from the river has been determined and found suitable for all types of road and bridge works. It also conforms to zone II grading of Table No. 1000 – 2.

Sand samples collected from these sources were sent to the laboratory for grain size analysis and determination of their zoning and fineness modulus. The test results are summarized in Table 5.3. Table 5.3: Result of Fineness Modulus

Type of Sand	Sand from Kosi River	Sand from Sone River (Collected from Doriganj Dump) Sample No. 1	Sample No. 2	Average	Sample	Sample	Average Coarse Sand	3.01	3.15	3.08	2.92	2.69	2.80

Table 5.3.1 Sieve Analysis results of Samples and their Fineness Modulus

Sample No. 1: 	Coarse Sand		Source: 	Kiul river (Mokama) Wt. of Sample:	500 gm.

I.S. Sieves	Wt. retained (In gm.)	Cumulative Wt. retained(in gm)	Cumulative % retained 4.75 mm	5.082	5.082	1.016 2.36 mm	11.348	16.430	3.286 1.20 mm	195.710	212.140	42.428 600	131.485	343.625	68.725 300	93.505	437.130	87.426 150	54.050	491.180	98.236 75	8.820	500.000	100.000 Pan	--	--	--

F.M.        =	Summation of cumulative % retained on 4.75mm, 2.40mm, 1.20mm, 600, 300 & 150 micron 100	   	    =	  301.117/100	= 3.01

Sample No. 2: 	Coarse Sand		Source: 	Kiul river (Mokama) Wt. of Sample:	500 gm.

I.S. Sieves	Wt. retained (In gm.)	Cumulative Wt. retained (In gm)	Cumulative % retained 4.75 mm	6.324	6.324	1.265 2.36 mm	22.366	28.690	5.738 1.20 mm	198.435	227.125	45.425 600	137.055	364.180	72.836 300	92.060	456.240	91.248 150	36.390	492.630	98.526 75	7.370	500.000	100.000 Pan	-	--	--

F.M.        =	Summation of cumulative % retained on 4.75mm, 2.40mm, 1.20mm, 600, 300 & 150 micron 100 =	  315.038/100 = 3.15

Sample No. 3: 	Coarse Sand		Source: 	Sone river (Koilwar) Wt. of Sample:	500 gm.

I.S. Sieves	Wt. retained (In gm.)	Cumulative Wt. retained (In gm)	Cumulative % retained 4.75 mm	-	--	-- 2.36 mm	10.675	10.675	2.135 1.20 mm	176.245	186.920	37.384 600	145.210	332.130	66.426 300	106.560	438.690	87.738 150	52.915	491.605	98.321 75	8.395	500.000	100.000 Pan	-	--	--

F.M. 	= Summation of cumulative % retained on 4.75mm, 2.40mm, 1.20mm, 600, 300 & 150 micron 100           =   292.004/100 = 2.92

Sample No. 4: 	Coarse Sand		Source: 	Sone river (Koilwar) Wt. of Sample:	500 gm.

I.S. Sieves	Wt. retained (In gm.)	Cumulative Wt. retained (In gm)	Cumulative % retained 4.75 mm	--		-- 2.36 mm	5.345	5.345	1.069 1.20 mm	156.830	162.175	32.435 600	86.905	249.080	49.816 300	185.130	434.210	86.842 150	61.050	495.260	99.052 75	4.740	500.000	100.000 Pan	--

F.M. 	= Summation of cumulative % retained on 4.75mm, 2.40mm, 1.20mm, 600, 300 & 150 micron 100	=	269.214/100	= 2.69

The above sand quarries are free from dust, lumps, soft or flaky material and it conforms zone II as per IS 383.