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Meaning Human Resource Planning:

Human resource is the most important asset of an organisation. Human resources planning are the important managerial function. It ensures the right type of people, in the right number, at the right time and place, who are trained and motivated to do the right kind of work at the right time, there is generally a shortage of suitable persons.

The enterprise will estimate its manpower requirements and then find out the sources from which the needs will be met. If required manpower is not available then the work will suffer. Developing countries are suffering from the shortage of trained managers. Job opportunities are available in these countries but properly trained personnel are not available. These countries try to import trained skill from other countries.

In order to cope human resource requirements, an enterprise will have to plan in advance its needs and the sources. The terms human resource planning and manpower planning are generally used interchangeably. Human resource planning is not a substitute for manpower planning. Rather the latter is a part of the former i.e., manpower planning is integrated with human resource planning. Definition Human Resource Planning:

Important definitions of human resource planning are discussed here to understand the concept in right perspective:

According to E.W. Vetter, human resource planning is “the process by which a management determines how an organisation should make from its current manpower position to its desired manpower position.

Through planning a management strives to have the right number and the right kind of people at the right places, at the right time to do things which result in both the organisation and the individual receiving the maximum long range benefit.”

Dale S. Beach has defined it as “a process of determining and assuring that the organisation will have an adequate number of qualified persons available at the proper times, performing jobs which meet the needs of the enterprise and which provide satisfaction for the individuals involved.”

In the words of Leon C. Megginson, human resource planning is “an integration approach to performing the planning aspects of the personnel function in order to have a sufficient supply of adequately developed and motivated people to perform the duties and tasks required to meet organisational objectives and satisfy the individual’s needs and goals of organisational members.”

On the analysis of above definitions, human resource planning may be viewed as foreseeing the human resource requirements of an organisation and the future supply of human resources and making necessary adjustments between these two and organisation plans, and foreseeing the possibility of developing the supply of human resources in order to match it with requirements by introducing necessary changes in the functions of human resource management.

Here, human resource means skill, knowledge, values, ability, commitment, motivation etc., in addition to the number of employees. Though accomplishment of organisational objectives and goals is the primary concern of the human resource planning, concern for the aspirations of the people and their well-being has equal importance in it. In fact, the human resources planning must result in humanisation of work environment. Features of Human Resource Planning:

From the study of various definitions, the following features of human resource planning can be derived:

1. Well Defined Objectives:

Enterprise’s objectives and goals in its strategic planning and operating planning may form the objectives of human resource planning. Human resource needs are planned on the basis of company’s goals. Besides, human resource planning has its own objectives like developing human resources, updating technical expertise, career planning of individual executives and people, ensuring better commitment of people and so on.

2. Determining Human Resource Reeds:

Human resource plan must incorporate the human resource needs of the enterprise. The thinking will have to be done in advance so that the persons are available at a time when they are required. For this purpose, an enterprise will have to undertake recruiting, selecting and training process also.

3. Keeping Manpower Inventory:

It includes the inventory of present manpower in the organisation. The executive should know the persons who will be available to him for undertaking higher responsibilities in the near future.

4. Adjusting Demand and Supply:

Manpower needs have to be planned well in advance as suitable persons are available in future. If sufficient persons will not be available in future then efforts should be .made to start recruitment process well in advance. The demand and supply of personnel should be planned in advance.

5. Creating Proper Work Environment:

Besides estimating and employing personnel, human resource planning also ensures that working conditions are created. Employees should like to work in the organisation and they should get proper job satisfaction.