User:Madmarovakmal/sandbox

The nucleotide sequence of 4-1BB revealed a single open reading frame that codes for a polypeptide with a measured molecular mass of 27.5 kDa and a length of 256 amino acids (a.a.). The first 23 amino acids were found to be a signal peptide, followed by a cysteine-rich region containing four possible TNFR motifs, the first of which was partial and the third of which was distinct from the others.

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Studies on the poorly immunogenic Ag104A sarcoma and the extremely tumorigenic P815 mastocytoma provided the first systematic proof that anti-4-1BB antibodies have potent antitumor effects. Anti-4-1BB administration to mice with the aforementioned tumors was shown to substantially inhibit tumor growth by increasing CTL activity. In the years to come, more studies verified and legitimized the effect of 4-1BB signaling to inhibit tumor growth.

The link with 4-1BBL is largely made up of amino acids from the dynamic loops of the CRD2 and the β sheet of CRD3 of 4-1BB, according to a detailed study of the binding between the 4-1BB and 4-1BBL interface. CRD2 amino acids (T61, Q67, and K69) interact with the AA′ loop (Y110 and G114) and the intra-H-strand loop (Q227 and Q230) of 4-1BBL to form various hydrogen bond interactions.