User:Maia Salah/sandbox

The Afterlife: a myth or reality to the ancient Egyptians?
In ancient Egypt, the Egyptians came up with the idea of afterlife, but where are they going to put the mummies? They decided to built tomb, a house of eternity, it means also the council chamber, in addition they built burial chamber that be called khenet meaning ‘Residence’, like Naguib Kanawati mentioned in his book The tomb and beyond (1987).

The composition of the tomb:

As mention in the Book of the Dead (http://bri.mu/t6iapn), once the people arrived to the afterlife they had to say a formula and see their hearts weighted. The weighing of the dead person’s heart occurred in the Hall of Two Truths, shown in the picture above heart was weighed against the Shu tuft of truth and value taken from the cap of the goddess Ma'at. On the off chance that the heart was lighter than the quill, the dead could go on. However in the event that it was heavier than the quill, the dead would be eaten up by the evil presence Ammut. From the upper left-hand corner, the dead appears before a leading body of 14 judges to see his actions during his life. The ankh, the key of life, appears in the hands of several judges, as we can see Anubis is the one who holds the ankh. After giving account that point, the jackal god Anubis, who rules to the underworld, drives the dead before the scale. Anubis then measures the heart of the perished (left plate) against the plume of Ma'at, goddess of truth and equity (right plate). In the event that the heart of the expired is heavier than the quill, the perished wickedness of the perished excesses their kindness. As showing, the God Ammut,the god that appear with the crocodile head and hippopotamus legs will eat the heart, punishing the perished to obscurity for eternity. On the off chance that the quill is heavier than the heart, then the perished has lived an exemplary life and may be introduced before Osiris to join the afterlife. Thoth, known as the ibis-headed divine force of shrewdness stands and ready to record the final result. Horus, the god with the bird of prey head, then leads these with lighter than the quill to Osiris. Horus represents the Pharaoh of life; his dad Osiris represents the Pharaoh after death. Osiris, expert of the underworld, sits on his throne, shown like a mummy. Wearing on his head the white crown of Lower Egypt (the north). He grasps the images of Egyptian majesty: the shepherd's law breaker to symbolize his role as shepherd of humankind, and the thrash, to speak to his capacity to differentiate the good worth keeping from the waste. As we can see his wife Isis stands behind him and her sister Nephthys. Isis is the one colored in red, and Nephthys in green. Together, Osiris, Isis, and Nephthys welcome the dead to the underworld. Nourishment was offered to the perished, and in case the normal consistent offerings of the relatives stopped, sustenance placed in the rooms of the tomb would be mysteriously changed to supply the needs of the dead, Ma’at was in charge at guiding and governing the daily affairs of the afterlife. If the mummy stayed secure, his Ka would live everlasting, and he could have with him his family and anyone he wished to have with him 1. "Ancient Egyptian Belief in the Afterlife - Tutankhamun Project - 6th Period (Fulay)." Ancient Egyptian Belief in the Afterlife - Tutankhamun Project - 6th Period (Fulay). N.p., n.d. Web. 22 May 2015. https://sites.google.com/a/smpanthers.org/fulay-6th-period-scripture/home/ancient-egyptian-belief-in-the-afterlife

2."Egyptian Afterlife Ceremonies, Sarcophagi, Burial Masks - Crystalinks." Egyptian Afterlife Ceremonies, Sarcophagi, Burial Masks - Crystalinks. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 May 2015. http://www.crystalinks.com/egyptafterlife.html

3."BURIAL PRACTICES, AFTERLIFE, & MUMMIES | Rosicrucian Egyptian Museum in San Jose Houses the Largest Collection of Egyptian Artifacts on Exhibit in Western North America." BURIAL PRACTICES, AFTERLIFE, & MUMMIES | Rosicrucian Egyptian Museum in San Jose Houses the Largest Collection of Egyptian Artifacts on Exhibit in Western North America. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 May 2015. http://www.egyptianmuseum.org/burialpracticesgallery

4."Preparation for Death in Ancient Egypt - Australian Museum." Preparation for Death in Ancient Egypt - Australian Museum. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 May 2015. http://australianmuseum.net.au/preparation-for-death-in-ancient-egypt

5.Mark, Joshua J. "Ancient Egyptian Burial." Ancient History Encyclopedia. Joshua J. Mark, 19 Jan. 2013. Web. 22 May 2015. http://www.ancient.eu/Egyptian_Burial/

6."Tour Egypt :: Egypt: What Egyptians Took to the Afterlife." Egypt: What Egyptians Took to the Afterlife. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 May 2015. http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/equip.htm

7.http://www.britishmuseum.org/channel/exhibitions/2011/book_of_the_dead.aspx

8.http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/aes/p/book_of_the_dead_of_ani.aspx

9.http://www.louvre.fr/en/recherche-globale

Books: 1. The tomb and beyond: burial customs of Egyptian officials Naguib Kanawati - Naguib Kanawati - Aris & Phillips - 2001

2.Journey to the west: death and afterlife in ancient Egypt University of California - 1979