User:MaiiTrann/sandbox

Even though secretin is mentioned as the first hormone, adrenaline is the actual first hormone since the discovery of activity of adrenal extract on blood pressure was observed in 1895 before that of secretin in 1902. In 1895, George Oliver (1841-1915), a general practitioner in North Yorkshire and Edward Albert Schäfer (1850-1935), a physiologist at University College of London published a paper about the active component of adrenal gland extract causing the increase in blood pressure and heart rate was from medulla, but not the cortex of the adrenal gland. In 1897, John Jacob Abel (1857-1938) of John Hopkins University, the first chairman of the first U.S department of pharmacology, found a compound called epinephrine with the molecular formula of C17H15NO4. Abel claimed his principle from adrenal gland extract was active. In 1900, Jokichi Takemine (1854-1922), a Japanese chemist worked with his assistant, Keizo Uenaka (1876-1960) to purified a 2000 times more active principle than epinephrine from adrenal gland, named Adrenaline with the molecular formula C10H15NO3. In addition, in 1900 Thomas Aldrich of Parke-Davis Scientific Laboratory also purified Adrenaline independently. Takemine and Parke-Davis later in 1901 both got the patent for Adrenaline. The fight for terminology between adrenaline and epinephrine was not ended until the first adrenaline structural discovery of Hermann Pauly (1870-1950) in 1903, and the first adrenaline synthesis of Friedrich Stolz (1860-1936), a German chemist in 1904. They both believed that Takemine’s compound was the active principle while Abel’s compound was the inactive one.