User:Majid Salehi Amiri/Seawater intake

"Importance of seawater intake"
"Seawater desalination is one of the most important maritime activities that has been utilized as one of the primary sources of water and food for humans, as well as various industries, from ancient times to the present day. Seawater extraction has always been crucial for the supply of water resources, electricity, oil, gas, and metals, as well as the production of marine products such as fish, crab, and other items."

"Nowadays, with the growth of population, climate change, and the development of various industries, the importance of seawater desalination has greatly increased. This activity has created jobs and revenue for countries and coastal regions."

"The use of seawater for drinking water supply is another advantage of seawater desalination. Due to the scarcity of water resources in many areas, especially in arid and semi-arid regions, seawater extraction is used as a solution for drinking water supply. However, in order to use seawater as a source of drinking water, the process of purification and quality control must first take place."

Seawater extraction for electricity generation is also one of its important applications. In many countries, marine thermal power plants use seawater to cool their power generation systems. In addition, in countries such as Japan, offshore power plants are converted to electrical energy using underwater turbines.

"In addition to technical and industrial applications, seawater extraction is also used to produce products such as salt, citric acid, vermicelli, and other items. However, since seawater contains a lot of salt, it must be separated from the water before being used in the production of these products."

"Finally, it should be noted that seawater extraction may have negative effects on the environment and marine life. For example, with seawater extraction, the level of salt in the water increases and can cause changes in water quality and create problems for marine life. Also, if water treatment processes are not properly carried out, it can lead to pollution of the sea and serious risks to the seabed and its fauna."

"Therefore, to optimally use marine resources and prevent negative effects on the environment, issues related to seawater extraction must be carefully and specifically considered. For example, using advanced water treatment technologies, proper salinity management, and monitoring the amount of water extracted from the sea are some of the solutions that can be applied."

"In general, seawater extraction is essential for providing water resources, food, and other vital resources. However, to prevent negative impacts on the environment and marine life, we must adhere to responsibility and pay special attention to issues related to seawater extraction."

Seawater intake in Iran
In Iran, seawater extraction is used as one of the methods to provide water resources. There are two different types of seawater extraction activities in Iran: extraction using electrolysis electrodes and extraction using pressure-driven stimuli.

Electrode-based desalination is a process by which seawater is brought to its lowest salinity level through the passage of electrolysis electrodes, and then solid materials such as salt are removed using a purification process. This method can also be used to generate electricity for ocean thermal power plants.

In seawater desalination using pressure-driven methods, seawater passes directly through purification systems with the help of high-pressure pumps and pressure-driving mechanisms such as hydraulic friction. After removing salt and other solid materials, the purified water is used as a source of drinking water or for supplying water resources in industrial and agricultural facilities.

In addition to the Bushehr thermal power plant, seawater extraction activities are also carried out in other coastal areas of the country such as Chabahar and Jask. Currently, due to limitations in the country's water resources, the use of seawater extraction is predicted to be one of the ways to supply water resources in the near future.

Seawater extraction activities are carried out in other coastal areas of the country, such as Chabahar and Jask, in addition to the Bushehr thermal power plant. Due to limitations in the country's water resources, the use of seawater extraction is predicted to be one of the ways to supply water resources in the near future.

Seawater intake by Pipe jaking
"Air-to-water harvesting, as one of the methods of water extraction, can be used to supply water resources in dry and semi-dry areas. This method is based on capturing moisture from the air and converting it into water."

In the method of hyping, first, humid air is collected using cooling systems. These systems typically include one or more coolers and air filtration. Then, the air is transferred into an evaporative chamber.

In the evaporative chamber, air moves in an arc using a fan and by contacting the surface of a certain type of evaporative bucket or disc, it absorbs humidity from the air and accumulates as water droplets on the surface of the chamber. After collecting water in the chamber, a dryer is used to extract the remaining liquid water.

To use the hyping method, suitable conditions such as high humidity and mild temperature are required. Additionally, energy resources are needed to operate cooling and drying devices. Furthermore, after water collection, the process of purification and disinfection should be carried out to make it safe for drinking and other uses.

Using the pipe jacking method as one of the water extraction techniques has been utilized for a long time in dry and semi-dry areas, especially in regions with limited access to water resources. Considering the climatic conditions and other factors such as climate change, this method can be considered as an alternative solution for providing water resources in the near future.