User:Mallorybrennan/French Revolutionary Wars

The French Revolutionary Wars encompassed the conflict begun by the French Revolutionary government in 1792 and ended by the peace treaties signed by Napoleon Bonaparte (1769–1821)  at Lunéville (1801) and Amiens (1802). The Napoleonic Wars include the series of military campaigns that began in 1803 with the collapse of the Peace of Amiens and ended with Napoleon's second abdication on June 25, 1815, a week after his defeat at Waterloo.

French Revolutionary wars, title given to the hostilities between France and one or more European powers between 1792 and 1799. It thus comprises the first seven years of the period of warfare that was continued through the Napoleonic Wars until Napoleon’s abdication in 1814, with a year of interruption under the peace of Amiens(1802–03). The end of 1799 may be conveniently taken as the dividing point between the Revolutionary and Napoleonic phases of the conflict, since in that year the consulate of Napoleon Bonaparte was established.

These wars were commonly called the Coalition Wars.

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=== '''The French Revolution brought France into conflict with many countries between 1791-1802, including Great Britain, Austria, Prussia and Russia. Battles occurred in Europe, Egypt, the Middle East, the Indian subcontinent and Indian Ocean, the Caribbean and the Atlantic Ocean. France was the victor of both wars and hostilities temporarily ended with the Treaty of Amiens in 1802, by which Great Britain recognised the French Republic.''' === The French Revolutionary Wars encompassed the conflict begun by the French Revolutionary government in 1792 and ended by the peace treaties signed by Napoleon Bonaparte (1769–1821)  at Lunéville (1801) and Amiens (1802). The Napoleonic Wars include the series of military campaigns that began in 1803 with the collapse of the Peace of Amiens and ended with Napoleon's second abdication on June 25, 1815, a week after his defeat at Waterloo.

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French Revolutionary wars, title given to the battles between France and one or more European powers between 1792 and 1799. Its made up of the first seven years of the period of warfare that was continued through the Napoleonic Wars until Napoleon’s abdication in 1814, with a year of interruption under the peace of Amiens(1802–03). The end of 1799 may be conveniently taken as the dividing point between the Revolutionary and Napoleonic phases of the conflict, since in that year the consulate of Napoleon Bonaparte was established.

The fear of a French invasion occurred in the people, even on the coast of Scotland, shown by the manuscript maps of the small encampments of militia at Dunbar, Musselburgh and Aberdeen by the Scottish land surveyor George Taylor (c.1767–1841) – who had served in North America. These are accompanied by maps and diagrams of reviews of troops in the south of England and around London, which were attended by George III.

The King’s enthusiasm for the cartographic sciences was matched by his interest in the military sciences and military education. He was supportive of the founding at High Wycombe, in 1799, of the Royal Military College by his protégé, John Gaspard le Marchant (1766–1812).

 war of the first coalition,  1792–1797

French war aims were typically focused on traditional and historic interests. They wanted to expand French influence along the West Bank of Rhine and to the Italian Alps. An invasion of Belgium in April 1792, however, ended horribly. The Duke of Brunswick attacked France using a Prusso-German army mid-summer. "The defeat in Belgium, followed by the Prussian offensive, led to increased radicalization of the revolution and the overthrow of the monarchy on 10 August 1792, and the founding of the French Republic."

"French victory was as much a result of the collapsing coalition as it was a consequence of the increasing size and experience of French armies. Prussia opened secret negotiations with the republic toward the end of 1794. On 5 April 1795 Prussia acceded to the first Treaty of Basel, concluding Prussian participation in the coalition."

War of the Second Coalition, 1798-1801

The War of the Second Coalition was the second war on revolutionary France by most of the European monarchies, led by Britain, Austria and Russia. It included the Ottoman Empire, Portugal, Naples and certain German monarchies, as well as Spain supported France. The overall goal of Britain and Russia was to restore the monarchy in France, and prevent French Republic expansion. Austria, which was in serious financial debt from the first war in previous years, primarily wanted to regain its position and come out of the war a better country overall, and a stronger one.

 War of the Third Coalition, 1803-1807 

At this point in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic War period, there had been many failed attempts of stop the growth of the French Republic, eventually ending with Britain and France having to sign a peace agreement. This third coalition was necessary because Napoleon had begun an attempt to gain military empire in Europe. In 1804, Napoleon became the Emperor of France. Napoleon's next step was to attack Britain, since they were the hub for resistance for Europeans, and produced the most sea-power and gold for them.

The third Coalition collapsed rapidly because British naval victories were once again rebounded by French land victories. In October 1805, Austria was defeated at the Battle of Ulm. In December the Austrian and Russian armies were defeated at the Battle of Austerlitz. Napoleon occupied Vienna, forcing Austria to sign the Treaty of Pressburg. This made Napoleon's 'Kingdom of Italy' larger and let him create the Confederation of the Rhine from lands owned by Austria, as well as by the abolition of the Holy Roman Empire.