User:Mamonaka/Parupeneus porphyreus

Description
Can be grayish purple, greenish, or reddish and have a remarkable ability to change color in

seconds and has pale streaks along the body. Has a small white spot, or saddle above the tail

base and beard-like extrusions called barbels, resembling a goats beard.

https://nmspapahanaumokuakea.blob.core.windows.net/papahanaumokuakea-prod/media/archi

ve/new-library/species/pdf/species-4-2020.pdf

https://hanaleiriverheritagefoundation.org/topic/weke-moano-kumu-and-munu-goatfish/

Growth Stage
Kolokolopā or mākolokolopā is the tiny stage of kūmū. ʻAhuluhulu is the name of a juvenile

kūmū. Kūmū aʻe is the stage when young kūmū are in the process of transforming into an adult

kūmū. Kūmū is the term for adults. They are typically found in low waters as adults are

crepuscular or nocturnal, but young feed during the day, so adults seek shelter in the holes of

the reef during the day and forage over sand during the night to find food.

https://dlnr.hawaii.gov/coralreefs/files/2015/02/Life-History-Compendium-of-Exploited-Hawaiian-

Fishes_July-2008.pdf

https://nmspapahanaumokuakea.blob.core.windows.net/papahanaumokuakea-prod/media/archi

ve/new-library/species/pdf/species-4-2020.pdf

Cultural Significance
The kūmū was used as an offering to the gods when priests demanded red fish. It was an

offering when a canoe was launched, used for hula ceremonies and other events when needed.

In Hawaiian culture, kumu means foundation, a source, purpose, tree, and teacher which is

similar to the fish's name : kūmū. When someone wanted to learn from a kumu they would

provide a kūmū fish with their request, if the student’s learning was complete the teacher would

return the kūmū fish.

https://nmspapahanaumokuakea.blob.core.windows.net/papahanaumokuakea-prod/media/archi

ve/new-library/species/pdf/species-4-2020.pdf

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1023/A:1007664813814.pdf

Comments by Anuschka on the actual article in the main space and not this draft:

- nice work on making the changes and moving everything over from here to the main space., including adding references the right way!

- minor thing to fix: talk about geographic distribution before habitat. Also, include in that section that this species is endemic to Hawaii (it is already in the lead but something important like that can be repeated).