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Mehet-Weret (mḥ.t-wr.t) is a goddess of the sky in Ancient Egyptian religion. Her name means "Great Flood".

She was mentioned in the Pyramid Texts. In Ancient Egyptian creation myths, she gives birth to the sun at the beginning of time, and in art she is portrayed as a cow with a sun disk between her horns. She is associated with the goddesses Neith, Hathor, and Isis, all of whom have similar characteristics, and like them she could be called the "Eye of Ra". Mehet-Weret is primarily known as being the “Celestial Cow” or “Cow Goddess” because of her physical characteristics, but she contributes to the world in more ways than that. She is also the Goddess of Water, Creation, and Rebirth; in Egyptian mythology, Mehet-Weret is one of the main components in the making and survival of life.

Origin
Mehet-Weret was responsible for raising the sun into the sky every day. Not only did this goddess produce the light for the crops of those who worshipped her, she was also what caused the annual Nile River flood that fertilized each of the crops with her plentiful water. Patricia Monaghan provides her reasoning behind creating her encyclopedia, being that Goddesses in certain cultures need more recognition. She describes them as being the natural resources, most notably known as Mother Nature, with the exception being that Mother Nature wasn’t one goddess responsible for every part of nature, but each goddess is the female embodiment of an aspect of nature. This makes sense because women in general are responsible for the most natural human occurrence, that being child birth. In Mehet-Weret’s case, she is specifically described as the Goddess of Creation which is important for her because she gives birth to the sun every day, creating life for all those who worship her. The goddess Mehet-Weret is most notably known in Egyptian mythology as the Goddess of Water and Creation, but Geraldine Pinch also introduces the idea that she was a piece of the nighttime sky. She is referenced as being the river of stars known as the Milky Way, because of her physical traits of being the responsible for the annual flood of the Nile River.

Birthing Ra
Mehet-Weret is noted as being the mother of Ra, and without her having given birth to him there would be no sun. Being the Goddess of Creation, she literally gives birth to the sun every day and is the reason the world isn’t in the dark. This is why in her physical description she is described as having a sun disk between her horns, she is the mother of the sun and in typical mother fashion she protects her son Ra and keeps him close to her.

Physical description
The physical details of the goddess are interesting, the reason she is called the Cow Goddess is because she is described as having a woman’s body with a cow’s head. In the horns on her head there is a sun disk, which connects her to the creation of the sun.

Sarcophagus of Khonsu
In this artifact, it’s not just a picture of Mehet-Weret, the goddess is a part of a much bigger picture. She is featured on the Sarcophagus of Khonsu, which was the outer coffin that provided a layer of protection for a deceased pharaoh, among the protection of being wrapped, and put in a small coffin. The hieroglyphics painted on the outside of the Sarcophagus are yet another way to protect the deceased; they are used to paint a journey to the afterlife for the pharaoh. Studying each aspect of the picture allows the audience to understand what is happening in the ancient Egyptian culture. Even in hieroglyphics, Mehet-Weret is dressed in many ritual artifacts as a way to keep her goddess-like standing. The picture also features a human bowing and adoring her, this was meant as a way to signify her importance as a divine being. The disk in between the Cow Goddess’s horns represents the sun, because she is responsible for giving birth to the sun every day, which means that the sun is reborn at dawn every day. In this picture, being featured on a sarcophagus, Mehet-Weret signifies that after his death, the pharaoh will be reborn into the afterlife.

Hathor
“Myth of the Heavenly Cow” by Nadine Guilhou tells the story of a separate goddess that is related to Mehet-Weret who is named Hathor. It’s important not to mix up the two goddesses because even though they get compared together for both being celestial cow goddesses, their stories are very different from one another. Hathor is seen as more troublesome than Mehet-Weret, because she creates chaos in the human world. The title of the story of the “Myth of the Heavenly Cow” is also known as “The Destruction of Mankind” because Hathor was sent to kill the rebels who acted against the sun god Ra and his plans to rearrange the cosmos. Guilhou’s knowledge of the subject at hand allows the audience to discover that while Hathor is this blood thirsty warrior cow, focused on the destruction of humankind, Mehet-Weret is responsible for creating some of the most basic needs for humankind: sun and water. Another aspect of the essay that Guilhou points out is the meaning and real world application of the story in ancient Egyptian times. It was meant as a guide to the Egyptian people, making sure that they kept their gods and goddesses happy. They didn’t want there to be another destruction of humankind so that’s why there were temples for the worshipping of divine beings and to keep them satisfied.

Death and After Life
The goddess Mehet-Weret was featured in a number of spells in The Book of the Dead, including spell 17. In this spell she was credited for the birth of Re, also known as the Sun God Ra. But she is also the one who protects Re, because it was believe by the ancient people of Egypt that the sun died every day and was reborn by Mehet-Weret. She was responsible for taking him into the underworld, or night because of the darkness, and then bringing him back to the world the next day, almost as if in the afterlife. The people of Egypt believe that Mehet-Weret was the Goddess of Creation and Rebirth, so she was featured in one of the spells to help the humans make their way into the afterlife. The Book of the Dead is an important text in the Egyptian culture because it allows the audience to understand the different journeys that the ancient Egyptians believed in to get to the afterlife.