User:Maneet Samantaray/sandbox

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an infectious disease in cattle. this disease is also known as the Neethling virus.1 Infected cattle also may develop edematous swelling in their limbs and exhibit lameness. The virus has essential economic implications since affected animals permanently damage their skin, lowering the commercial value of their hide. Additionally, the disease often results in chronic debility, reduced milk production, and poor growth. But it is safe to consume milk produet.37000 have died in gujarat (state of India). I am requesting all if you see a cattle infected with Lumpy skin disease (LSD) call your local animal helpline also some YouTubers like Mr.Memer, Funnzee Gamer, and Safari, etc have started a new campaign known as savemaa(save cattle). The onset of fever occurs almost one week after infection by the virus. This initial fever may exceed 41 °C (106 °F) and persist for one week. At this time, all of the superficial lymph nodes become enlarged. The nodules, by which the disease is characterized, appear seven to nineteen days after virus inoculation. Coinciding with the appearance of the nodules, discharge from the eyes and nose becomes mucopurulent. The Structure Like other viruses in the Poxviridae family, capripoxviruses are brick-shaped. Capripoxvirus virions are different than orthopoxvirus virions in that they have a more oval profile, as well as larger lateral bodies. The average size of capripoxvirions is 320 nm by 260 nm.

The virus can be transmitted through blood, nasal discharge, lacrimal secretions, semen, and saliva. The disease can also be transmitted through infected milk to suckling calves. In experimLumpy skin disease was first seen as an epidemic in Zambia in 1929. Initially, it was thought to be the result of either poisoning or hypersensitivity to insect bites. Additional cases occurred between 1943 and 1945 in Botswana, Zimbabwe, and the Republic of South Africa. Approximately, 8 million cattle were affected by a panzootic infection in South Africa in 1949, causing enormous economic losses. LSD spread throughout Africa between the 1950s and 1980s, affecting cattle in Kenya, Sudan, Tanzania, Somalia, and Cameroon.

In 1989 there was an LSD outbreak in Israel. This outbreak was the first instance of LSD north of the Sahara desert and outside of the African continent. This particular outbreak was thought to be the result of infected Stomoxys calcitrans being carried on the wind from Ismailiya in Egypt. During a period of 37 days between August and September 1989, fourteen of the seventeen dairy herds in Peduyim became infected with LSD. All of the cattle as well as small flocks of sheep and goats in the village were slaughtered.

Throughout the past decade, LSD occurrences have been reported in Middle Eastern, European, and west Asian regions.[2]

LSD was first reported to the Bangladesh livestock department in July 2019. Eventually, 500,000 heads were estimated to have been infected in this outbreak.[8] The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) recommended mass vaccination. As a result of the introduction of fall armyworm and this cattle plague within a few months of each other, the FAO, the World Food Programme, Bangladesh Government officials, and others agreed to begin improving Bangladesh's livestock disease surveillance and emergency response capabilities. The method of entry of the virus into Bangladesh remains unknown.

In 2022 a lumpy skin disease outbreak in Pakistan killed over 7000 cattle. In India in July-September 2022, the lumpy skin disease outbreak in India resulted in the death of over 80,000 cattle. The state of Rajasthan has seen a majority of the deaths. Inter-state and inter-district movement of cattle in a number of states has been restricted. Indian Council of Agricultural Research labs has undertaken the creation of an indigenous vaccine. A goat pox vaccine is being used, 15 million doses had been administered by September 2022. There are at least three centers manufacturing the goat pox vaccine in India. Institutions with authority to test have been expanded. mentally infected cattle, LSDV was found in saliva 11 days after the development of fever, in semen after 22 days, and in skin nodules after 33 days. The virus is not found in urine or stool. Like other pox viruses, which are known to be highly resistant, LSDV can remain viable in infected tissue for more than 120 days.