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Thiyya community of India:
Thiyya community belongs to Hindu religion, speaking Malayalam.

Thiyya community is found thickly populated in the north Malabar region of Kerala state and Mahe in Pondicherry state of India.

Thiyya comprise of about 70% population among Malayalam speaking Hindus in north Malabar region of Kerala state and about 80% of Malayalam speaking Hindus in Mahe in Pondicherry.

From these places, Thiyya community has migrated to, rest of India and rest of the World also.

Location where the Thiyya community is found.
Thiyya community belongs to Hindu religion is found thickly populated in the north Malabar region of Kerala state and Mahe in Pondicherry state of India. Few are also found in some parts of Trichur and Palakkad districts of Kerala state.

North Malabar region consists of Kasargod, Kannur, Kozhikode, Wayanad and Malappuram districts of Kerala state and Mahe of Pondicherry state of India.

From these places, Thiyya community has migrated to, rest of Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Telungana, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Delhi and other states of India and all Arabian Gulf countries, like UAE, Oman, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, Saudi Arabia etc and rest of the world.

Thiyya community is listed separately under Other Backward Classes (OBC) by Government of India.
Thiyya community is listed separately under Other Backward classes by Government of India:

Thiyya community is listed separately under Other Backward classes in Kerala state.

Thiyya community is listed separately under Other Backward classes in Pondicherry state.

Thiyya community is listed separately under Other Backward classes in Tamil Nadu state.

Thiyya community is listed at sl. no.185 of Mandal Commission report of OBC list of Kerala state.

Thiyya community is listed separately at sl. no. 222 of Mandal commission report of Pondicherry state.

This is as per Vide No.12011/68/93.BCC(C)The Government of India, New Delhi, dated September 1993 as well as Government of India OM no. 36012/22/93, dated 8th September 1993, by Ministry of personal, Public Grievance & Pensions.

Thiyya is also spelled in English as Thiyya, Thiyyar, Tiyyas, Theeyas, Thiyyan, Thiyyas, Thiyyer, Theeyya, Theeyyar, Thiya, Tiya and Tiyya.

Because, in Malayalam language, there are 52 alphabets, so different people spelled Thiyya differently in English.

Thiyya community is not having any sub caste or Thiyya is not a sub caste of any other community.

Therefore, Thiyya community (spelled as Thiyya, Thiyyar, Tiyyas, Theeyas, Thiyyan, Thiyyas, Thiyyer, Theeyya, Theeyyar, Thiya, Tiya and Tiyya) is a separate community of India.

Wikipedia may check the Other backward classes (OBC) list of Kerala state, Tamilnadu state and Pondicherry states from the given references.

Wikipedia may also contact Government of India, if in doubt, from the following address for further clarification, that Thiyya is a separate community of Hindu in India.

The Chairman,

National Commission for Backward Classes,

Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment,

Government of India,

Trikoot 1, Bhikaji Cama Place, East Block,

Ramakrishnapuram, New Delhi 110066. India.

1) List of other backward classes, Ministry of social justice and empowerment, Government of India.

2)[https://services.india.gov.in>detail%20search%20caste%20and%20community%20in%20the%20central%20list%20of%20OBC.

3)[https://services.india.gov.in>detail%20search%20caste%20and%20community%20in%20the%20central%20list%20of%20OBC.%5D

4)>detail%20search%20caste%20and%20community%20in%20the%20central%20list%20of%20OBC. https://services.india.gov.in>detail search caste and community in the central list of OBC.]]

5)>user_panel>central%20list%20of%20OBC-National%20commission%20for%20backward%20classes. www.ncbc.nic.in>user_panel>central list of OBC-National commission for backward classes.

6) Book of Dr. MC Shymalente DNA studies from north Africa to till north Malabar

7)https://archive.org/details/caste&tribesofs007thuriala , Castes and tribes of Southern India: Thurston, Edgar 1855-1935.]]

8) >northmalabar>theeyas%20of%20Malabar. https://history of northmalabar.weebly.com>northmalabar>theeyas of Malabar.

9 ) https://haribhaskaran.com/2008/02/10/the the_ Thiyyas of north Malabar.

Malabar region.
Malabar region were under Madras province of India, under British rule, before Indian independence. A small place called Thangacheri in Kollam was also under British rule, before independence of India. Malabar region consists of Kasargod, Kannur, Kozhikode, Waynad, Malappuram, Trichur and Palakkad districts of Kerala state and Mahe in Pondicherry state, India.

The rest of Kerala state was under Travancore and Kochi kingdoms and were not under British rule before Indian independence.

Travancore and Kochi kingdoms consists of present Thiruvananthapuram, Kollom, Pathanamthitta, Alappuzha, Kottayam, Idukki and Ernakulum districts of Kerala state. Thiyya community was not found in Travancore and Kochi Kingdoms, earlier. Now, after Indian Independence, person belongs to Thiyya community is also working and settled in Thiruvananthapuram, Kollom, Pathanamthitta, Alappuzha, Kottayam, Idukki and Ernakulum districts of Kerala state also, but are very rare. India got Independence in 15th August 1947 from British. The Kerala state of India was formed in 1956. Kerala state comprises of Malabar region of Madras state, Travancore and Kochi Kingdoms. Mahe was ruled by French, before Indian independence.

Malabar cost.
Malabar cost is situated in India. The cost belongs to Malabar region of British ruled India and Mahe of French rule, before Indian independence is called as Malabar cost, touching the Arabian Sea.

Malabar cost starts in north from Kasargod, Kannur, Mahe, Kozhikode, Malappuram and Trichur districts in south.

Spelling of Thiyya.
Thiyya is also spelled in English as Thiyya, Thiyyar, Tiyyas, Theeyas, Thiyyan, Thiyyas, Thiyyer, Theeyya, Theeyyar, Thiya, Tiya and Tiyya.

In Malayalam language, there are 52 alphabets, so different people spelled Thiyya differently in English.

Language of Thiyya.
Malayalam is the language of Thiyya community. However, the language Malayalam spoken by Thiyya community is having Kannada slang and having many Kannada words.

Malayalam is having 52 alphabets. There are many Sanskrit words used in Malayalam as it is. Malayalam script is written from left to right in a circular shape in clockwise direction. Earlier, vattazhuth was the script used by Thiyya for writing in Malayalam. The new Malayalam script was formed by Thunjath Ramanujan Ezhuthachan. Old Granthams (books) in Malayalam were written in Vattezhuth script. Now a day’s very few people know Vattezhuth script.

Thiyya's food habit.
Thiyya consumes boiled rice with fish curry, fish fry, Kallummakayi (Mussel), Crab etc for lunch and dinner.

For breakfast, they consume, rice puttu (steamed rice floor) with curries of green gram or Bengal gram etc, rice dosha with fish curry, rice idly with coconut chammandi (chatni) or sambar, vella yappam, rice kanjhi, boiled tapioca etc.

The curries are prepared in plenty of grinded coconut. Coconut oil is used for cooking food.

In the evening snakes, they eat banana, boiled tapioca (Cassava) and other boiled roots like Bathas (sweet potato), potikizhangu, chembu, kathu (yam) etc.

For guests they provide kalathappam, nai appam, kara appam, kinnathappam, ari unda (made out of roasted rice, jagerry and coconut), aval kuzhachathu (beaten rice with jiggery, banana and coconut mix), (all made out of rice), ari kadukka (rice filled in kallummakayi (Mussel) etc..

On festivals, they make sweet dishes like prathaman made with green gram dal, coconut milk and jagery, pal payasam made with raw rice with milk and sugar and other payasams etc. fish, chicken and mutton.

Thiyya eat fish, chicken and mutton daily. During festivals, it is a must. The price of fish, chicken and mutton are highest during Vishu and Onam festivals, in Kannur region, as all Thiyya used to eat non vegetarian foods on festival days.

Thiyya treat the guests with stomach full of verity of foods to them, including fish, chicken and mutton etc.. Hospitality of Thiyya is commendable.

Thiyya's dressing habit.
Thiyya male wear white mundu (dhothi) in clock wise direction and shirt.

Thiyya ladies used to wear saris and blouse as well as white mundu with mel mundu(called set mundu) and blouse etc.

Thiyya's Marriage customs.
Marriage of Thiyya community normally held at bride’s residence.

Thiyya boy’s family will request girl’s family for their daughter as bride to their son.

The parents of both girls and boys family will consult Astrologer (Kanishan or Kaniyar) for their horoscope matching (Astrological matching) of the boy and the girl. If their horoscopes are matching for Jathaka porutham, papa samyam (Papa matching) and there should not be any dasha sandhi dosham in their horoscope matching, then parents from both side will agree for their marriage.

Then, there will be an engagement ceremony called kalyana nishchayam in bride’s residence, before the marriage. On that day of engagement the bride’s horoscope will be handed over to groom’s maternal uncle by the bride’s maternal uncle and their horoscopes will be tied together on that day there, by the maternal uncle of the groom and they will carry the brides horoscope to groom’s home, that day.

Thiyya marriage is conducted in a kalyana (marriage) mandapam (stage) in bride’s residence or in a hired auditorium, during the day time. The marriage ceremony will be finished within 10 to 15 minutes.

Marriage will be conducted at a good muhoortham (the best month, best day and best time for marriage), prescribed by the Astrologer called, Kaniyar or Kanishan.

Kalyana mandapam, there will be 2 lighted nilavilak (lighted lamp) and nira para (rice filled in a para (rice measuring device), 2 flower garlands, 2 flower bokke etc.

During the marriage muhoortham (time), bride’s ammayi (maternal aunt) accompany bride to the kalyana mandapam with a lighted nilavilakku (lamp). After telling namasthe with her both hands folding, to the people, present there, bride will sit in the mandapam.

Then the groom will be brought to the mandapam by the brother of the bride and groom also sits in the mandapam after telling namasthe to the people present there.

During the exact time of muhoortham, both bride and groom will get up and will stand there, by seeing face to face.

Maternal uncle of the bride will give flower garland in the hand of bride. Bride will put flower garland to groom, accepting him as her husband. This is called swayamvaram. Then, groom will put or tie Tali (golden chain) to bride, on her neck and then groom will put a flower garland to bride. Then both bride and groom put ring to each other. Then the groom will put sindooram or kumkumam on bride’s forehead.

Thali on neck, a marriage ring on ring finger are the indication of a married Thiyya lady.

Then bride’s father catches bride’s hands and gives her hand to grooms hand, called kanya danam (donation of his daughter to his son in law).

By catching hands of bride, the groom and bride will make 3 clockwise circles around the lighted lamps in the kalyana mandapam.

Then both bride and groom will sit in the mandapam for some time. During that time parents, maternal uncles, aunts and other elderly people of the families of bride and groom will come on to the mandapam, one by one and wish both bride and groom for a very good married life, by putting rice on their head. During that time bride and groom will catch these person’s feet, when they are wishing them. This kind of wishing is called ari nurikkal. After ari nurikkal, the marriage is over and bride and groom will get up from there and go for lunch or will take rest.

After lunch, at a good Muhoortham (best time) the groom and bride will go to grooms house and enter the grooms house at a good Muhoortham (best time) with a lighted lamp in brides hand, given by her mother in law. There after the bride will stay in groom’s house. A few of bride’s relatives will accompany the bride, for escorting the bride to the groom’s house.

Thiyya never ask or demand or give or take dowry in any form, during their marriage. No pleasing system of groom’s family by bride’s family by giving money or motor cycle or car or house etc or in any other form. However, the bride will have some gold ornaments for her use as per the capacity of her parents.

Thiyya groom, used to pay money to the bride’s family as a compensation for the expenditure incurred for the food supplied to the groom’s party during the marriage, known as kanhippanam (cost of food), earlier.

The Thiyya marriage is decided by the parents, maternal uncles and by elder family members of the groom and bride alone. No association or third party is involved in their marriage process. After the marriage, the marriage registration will be done in the Village panchayat office or Municipal office, pertains to brides residence area.

After a Thiyya wife become pregnant, on the 7th month there is a ceremony called pungam. After pungam, the wife will be sent to her parent’s house, till her delivery and naming ceremony of the child after 28th day after birth.

All expenditure for his wife, for the delivery and for child care will be borne by the husband. A lump sum amount will be paid by husband to the wife’s parents for meeting this expenditure. After naming ceremony of the child, both mother and child will be brought back to husband’s house.

Thiyya's birth and death ceremonies.
For Thiyya, birth and death rituals are performed by Kavuthiyya community. After death of a Thiyya, if the death belongs to vannaram, the dead body is used to be buried or criminated in the south east direction of their house plot or if the death belongs to chavu, his or her dead body used to be cremated or buried in south side of their house plot or in their family smashanam (cemetery). Normally, each big combined Thiyya family used to have their own smashanam (cemetery). While making property partition, Thiyya family will reserve a place for their own family smashanam (cemetery).

Astrologer (Kanishan or Kaniyar) will calculate and declare, the death belongs to vannaram or chavu. This was the earlier practice. Rituals performed are different for the ancestors for Vannaram and chavu.

Now a day, due to lack of space in their house compound, funerals are done at public smashanam or cemetery. Dead bodies are burnt in fire and some part (very little) of its ashes are disbursed in the river or the sea.

Festivals celebrated by Thiyya.
Vishu (New Year, based on Sun) is the main festival. In addition to it, Pooram (worship of Kamadevan by girls), Makam, Tulam 10th,, Onam (remembering the king Mahabali), Puthari (new rice harvest), Makara sankranthi (based on Sun) and Theyyam / Thira are also celebrated by Thiyya.

Other cultural activities of Thiyya.
Kolkaly, Poorakkali, Maruthukali etc are practiced by Thiyya men. Kummikali is practiced by Thiyya women. Now a day’s these are all found only for the name sake.

Practicing Kalari payattu was another activity of Thiyya boys and girls, earlier. Kalari was banned during British rule; also Kalari (martial art) lost its importance in front of rifle and cannon, after invasion of British. Then onwards, kalari lost its importance.

Thus, Thiyya Kalari gurus (teacher) have started Circus companies. All old Indian circus companies were owned by the Thiyya kalari gurus of Tellicherry, Kannur, Kerala, India and circus was performed by their disciples.

Thiyya Judicial system.
Each rich Thiyya un divided family used to have their own Kazhakappura (court) in their own tharavadu (joined family house) or Kavu (Temple) or Madappura.

These Kazhakapura functions as court and the Karanvar (respected elder Thiyyer of the family), becomes the judge there, who gives solutions and clears all the disputes, within the family or with outsiders.

It is specified in Role of Kalakams among Tiya community of northern Kerala. Open with Google, a Thisis submitted to University of Mysore for PhD in Anthropology, by V. Jayarajan.

Thiyya successor system.
Thiyya were earlier followed Marumakkathayam system (Sister’s children are the successors of one’s property rights after his death) the kingdom will go to King’s Sisters children and not to his own children.)

Thus, Mannanar, the Thiyya kingdom was attached by British, because of not having valid successor.

Family property sharing of Thiyya.

Family property of Thiyya is shared equally for sons and daughters among all the children of that father and mother.

Before 1947, it was not like that for Thiyya. Daughters used to have more shares compares to sons. Male children (son) will get only 1 share and where as Female children (daughters) will get the shares for herself, to her children and children’s children, including the child in the pregnancy stage.

Thiyya family name.
Thiyya children are called or known with his or her mother’s family name or surname and mother’s family name continues with the generation and not the father’s family name. Mother is having more important in Thiyya family.

Thiyya a Kshatriya.
Thiyya king, Sri Mannanar had been ruled north Malabar, before British took over his kingdom in 1902 after his death.

Mannanar Raja-Thiyya King in North Kerala. His palace was at Eruvessy near Thaliparamba in Kannur district.

As per British law, if a kingdom in India is not having a valid successor for its ruler, the country will be attached to British India.

This Thiyya king was not having a valid successor (Marumakan, that is his sister’s son), after his death.

During those period, Thiyya community followed marumakkathayam system as the valid successor (sister’s children are the successor).

Now the valid successor of Thiyya community is makkathayam (own children).

Theyyam named, Vazhunnor (the king Mannanar) has been worshiped at Kunnathur padi in Kannur, Kerala, India once, in every year.

Many Thiyya families have their own Kalari (Martial art Kalaripayattu teaching centre) to train their youngsters of the community. They produce solders.

https://www.facebook.com/KalariKendramDelhi

Kalari was banned by British during their rule. Later on, it got vanished and now, very few people know the kalari payattu.

The Thiyya, who are expert in Kalari payattu were called with a title as Chekavar. There were so many Chekavers in north Malabar region like, Thacholi Othenan, Thacholi Chandu etc. Thacholi Othenan and Unniyarcha etc were very famous, those days.Their brave stories were sung as vadakkan paattu in the form of song, sung during, farming, harvesting by ladies in north Malabar region and also during Thiyya marriages by the ladies, while grinding the coconut for curries, in north Malabar region.

These Chekavers were tactfully being killed by conducting sword fight between 2 Thiyya youngsters by rich people by deputing these youngsters as their party, in a big gathering and ceremony and award some titles for the winner. To get that title, Chekavar, many Thiyya youngsters used to participated in such sword fight.

The looser, who, lose in the sword fight will die, thus many Thiyya (Chekavers) lost their life like that.

Same thing is going on, even now, but it is directed by various political parties of Kerala, India for their benefit, in the north Malabar region.

But victims are always young the Thiyya boys, belongs to many political parties of Kannur, Kerala, India.

Social status of Thiyya.
Thiyyers were found doing many kinds of jobs, such as King (Mannanar, was the last Thiyya king, till 1902), soldiers, officers, ministers, land owners, farmers and cultivators, small scale industrial owners, beaten rice, jiggery manufactures and its workers, contractors, mooppan (team lead) , mason, building construction workers, eerayi (wood cutter and wood slicer), handloom cloth weavers and owners, beedi and cigar workers and owners, stone quarry owners and stone cutters and workers, liquor (Tody and Arack) manufactures and its workers, business men, teachers, lawyers, Magistrates, Poojaries (priest). Thiyyers were expert Ayurvedic vaidyars (doctors), Vishaharies (who treat for snake poison) and Manthravadi (black magic performer), Kalari payattu gurus (teacher), Circus company owners and its circus team etc.

Sri Churyayi Kanaran, was Deputy Collector of South Malabar, of British India from 1859 to 1869. He is from Kanoth family, a Thiyya from Thalassery, Kannur. He was also Mayor of Tellichery after his retirement. He was the only person got his last pay, in his service as his pension after retirement from British Government. He was so efficient administrator.

Mayor of French Mahe was also a Thiyya, during French rule. French Army had a Regiment called Thiyya Regiment during those days.

Some well knew Thiyyer.
The Thiyya King, Sri Kunhi Kelappan Mannanar, ruled north Kerala up to 1902.

Sri Mannanar has been ruled north Malabar, before British take over his kingdom as per British law, that, if a country is not having a valid successor for its ruler, the country will be attached to British India. The Thiyya king was not having a valid successor (Marumakan, that is his sister’s son), after his death. Mannanar Raja-Thiyya King in North Kerala.

The Thiyya king, Sri Mannanar has been worshiped in north Kerala in the form of his Theyyem, named, Vazhunnor (means the king) in Kunnathur padi, Kannur district, Kerala.

Sri Churyayi Kanaran, Deputy Collector of South Malabar, British India, during 1859- 1869. He was a Thiyya. ചൂര്യയി_കണാര

Sri Nalupurayil Sahadevan Vakkil was the last Mayor of French Mahe. He was a Thiyya.

Sri Aromal Chelkavar was a Thiyya. Chekavar was a title given to the winner in sword fight between 2 persons, till the other person get defeated or die. (It was the foolishness of Thiyyer, those days).

Smt.Unniyarcha. She was very good in sword fight (kalaripayattu), also a Thiyya.

Sri Pinarayi Vijayan, Chief Minister of Kerala is a Thiyya

Sri V.Muraleedharan, State minister for external affairs, Government of India is also a Thiyya, etc..

Gods and Goddesses and the way of worship of Thiyya.
Thiyya worship their Gods and Goddess in the form of Theyyam, in addition to Shiva, Parvathi, Ganesha, Subramanya, MahaVishnu, SriKrishna, Saraswathi, Mahalaxmi, Hanuman, Raman, Ayyappan etc.

Where Thiyya worship.
Since ancient times, all rich Thiyya families had their own Kavu (Temple) or Madappura, comprising of 1, 2, 3, 5, 8 to 39 numbers of Theyyams (Gods and Goddesses) in each Kavu in their village and towns are being worshiped.

Name of some Gods and Goddesses and type of gods Thiyya worship.
Thiyya community worship, Muthappan, TheeChamundi, Patichamumdi, Gulikan, PooKuttichathan, Chattakuttichathan or Shasthappan, Bhiravan, Uchitta, Paradevatha, Valiya Bhagavathi, Cheriya Bhagavathi, Ponmakan, Ponmakal, Pothi, Poomala Bhagavathi, Thamburatti, KarimKali, Vazhunnor, Karanavanmar, Gurikkanmar, Mannappan, Raman, Vayanattu kulavan, Bali, Sugreevan, Hanuman, Bappuran, Daivathar, Vettakoru makan, Angakkaran, Kandanar Kelan, Pottan, Kandarkarnan, Vasoorimala, Kathivanoor veeran and so many other and its vellattam in the form of Theyyams. Theyyam is performed in their Kavu (temple) or in their house. These Theyyems are not having any idols. Their weapons (Sword, Bow and arrow) etc. are worshipped in Kavu.

Sourabh Xavio, Kavukalum Theyyamgalum,	Theyyaperuma, മലബാറിലെ തെയ്യങ്ങ, https://www.facebook.com/VADAKKANTHEYYAM/ Theyyam #travel. #theyyamkannur. #malabares. #kannurdiaries, https://[http://www.facebook.com/Mangool%20Kanakath%20Surendran, Travelkannur, https://www.facebook.com/TempleTube, https://www.facebook.com/Suneshkumar.

Also worship Idols of Shiva, Parvathi, Ganesha, Subramanya, MahaVishnu, SriKrishna, Saraswathi, Mahalaxmi, Hanuman, Raman etc and Shivalingam. Shivalingam represents mount Kailash.

Thiyya community also worship their Karanavanmar (great respected Thiyya elders), Gurukkanmar (Guru or teacher of Kalari), Vazhunnor (Thiyya king, named Mannanar), and other great Thiyya personalities in the form of their Theyyam.

Normally These Theyyams are performed once in a year in these Kavu (temple). It begins from 10th Thulam (around 26th of October) till mid Edavam (around 15th of June) of every year as per Malayalam calendar.

The last Theyyam of the year in north Malabar region is celebrated at Kalarivathikkal kavu, Kannur.

But Muthappan Theyyam, (Muthappan vellattam and Thiruvappana) are performed daily at Parassinikadavu Madappura at Kannur district, Kerala, India

For further details visit Travelkannur sight in the Google, which will give the list of Kavu or temples at Kannur and Kasargod districts, list of Theyyems there and the date on which the Theyyam rituals are celebrated there.

Theyyem.
Theyyam is a ritual, performed by Hindus, mainly the Thiyyers, for worshipping Gods and Goddesses in Kavu (Temple) or in house of North Malabar region (Kasargod, Kannur, Kozhikode and Wayanad Districts of Kerala state) and Mahe of Pondicherry state in India.

Sourabh Xavio, Travelkannur, Kavukalum Theyyamgalum,	Theyyaperuma, മലബാറിലെ തെയ്യങ്ങ, https://www.facebook.com/VADAKKANTHEYYAM/ Theyyam #travel. #theyyamkannur. #malabares. #kannurdiaries, https://[http://www.facebook.com/Mangool%20Kanakath%20Surendran%5D, https://www.facebook.com/TempleTube https://www.facebook.com/Suneshkumar, [https://.facebook.com/Mangool%20Kanakath%20Surendran https://.facebook.com/Mangool Kanakath Surendran

Other Hindu communities like Vaniyers, Nambiar, Maniyani and Ashari (Carpenters) etc also have certain Theyyams, they worship, but it is very rare in numbers, compares to Thiyyer’s.

Many Theyyams rituals are performed by Malayar community, other Theyyems rituals are performed by Vannan community, Some Theyyems rituals are performed by Munnoottan community, and some other Theyyems rituals are performed by Anjhoottan communities etc. Chenda melam (Drums and music) for Theyyam ritual is performed by Malayar community.

Each Theyyam is having different costumes with different face decoration (mukhathezhuthu), different head gears (Muti) and different thottam.

During Theyyam rituals, the Theyyam performer will tell the history pertains to that Theyyam in its Thottam (poetic way) and he performs the history telling by his action also.

The Vazhunnor Theyyems, and Muthappan Theyyam thottam at Kunnathur padi, in Kannur explains in its thottam about Sri Mannanar, the Thiyya King, ruled that region.

The performer of Theyyam ritual has to take vratham (fasting) for many days before he perform the rituals.

Sometimes the Theyyam performer has to be in that costume in public for more than 10 to 12 hours continuously without food or water or urination or using toilet.

The devotees used to ask much kind of questions about their future to Theyyam performer. The Theyyam performer uses his sixth sense and reply to all these questions. Most of the time, his answer used to be correct. So the people’s faith in Theyyam increases.

Each rich Thiyya family has their own family temples (Kavu, Madappura etc.) to worship their gods and goddesses. In each Kavu (temple), there may be 1, 2, 3, 5, 8 up to 39 nos. Theyyams (onnuranalpathu Theyyem, means 1 less to 40 Theyyam, that means 39 Theyyems) (gods and goddess) rituals are performed and worshipped there. This is normally performed during mid October (10th of Tulam month) to mid June every year.

In every village, there may be 3 to 4 Kavu or temples, having many Theyyems. So, everywhere, one can find Theyyems (gods and goddess) in different forms and style, in north Malabar. There are more than 400 different Theyyems and its vellattams, worshipped by Thiyyer in north Malabar region. Hence, north Malabar region had been called as Gods own country by British.

Performing Theyyem ritual is expensive. So, now a day, to reduce the expenditure, all the 39 Theyyems are not performed in some Kavu (temple).

For Thiyyer, Karanaver (expired famous family head), Gurukkanmar (teachers of martial art kalari), Vazhunnor (King), famous Thiyya warriors, different forms of Devi, Shiva, Vishnu, Bhyravan and other bhootha ganom of Shiva etc. are also worshipped by Thiyyer in the form of Theyyem.

Theyyems are performed once in a year in Kavu, accept in Parassinikadavu Madappura, where Theyyems are performed daily throughout the year.

Theyyam ritual performance is so expensive. Therefore, family management of so many Thiyya Kavu has been handed over to local temple committees to run its function.

For further details visit Travelkannur sight in the internet, which will give the list of Kavu or temples at Kannur and Kasargod districts, list of Theyyems there and the date on which the Theyyam rituals are celebrated there.

Thiyya Poojari (priest) perform daily pooja (rituals) at Thiyya Kavu or temple or madappura: Since ancient times, Thiyya poojaries (priest) performs pooja (rituals) at their own Kavu (temple) or Madappura. These Thiyya poojaries (priest) are normally known as Madayan, Komaram, Aayathar, Embran etc.

These poojaries (priest) must be a married Thiyya man. Brahmachary (unmarried man) is not allowed to perform pooja (rituals) in kavu or temple.

Earlier, Thiyya poojaris (priest) has to wear washed cloths, which were washed by Vannathy (lady belongs to Vannan community), while performing pooja (rituals) (called Vannathymattu). Earlier, Thiyya poojaris, karanavers and aged Thiyyas etc used to have kudumi (Hair at a little area in the back of head will not be cut, while hair cut. This long hair will be tied and kept is called kudumi.)

Responsibilities of other communities.
Vannathi mattu (washing of cloths) used to be provided for Thiyya by lady belongs to Vannan community. That is their rights. If Vannathi have to do the work for other communities, prior permission from Thiyya karanavar has to be obtained.

Kaniyar community used to provide assistance for finding Prashnam, Muhoortham, Jathaka porutham etc pertains to Jyothisham (Astrology). That is their rights.

Rituals after birth and death and hair dressing for Thiyya used to be performed by Kavuthiyya community. That is their rights.

Swords, other weapons and other tools made of Iron and steel for Thiyya are used to be provided by Kollan (Viswakarma) community. That is their rights.

Bronze items like Nilavilaku (lamps), kinnam, Uruli, kindi etc, (utensils) required for Thiyya used to be provided by Mooshari (Viswakarma) community. That is their rights.

Thali, gold chain, other gold and silver ornaments required are used to be provided by Thattan (Viswakarma) community. That is their rights.

Peetam for Theyyam and other wood work for Kavu and houses used to be provided by Aasari (Viswakarma) community. That is their rights.

Oil required for the lamps and other use used to be provided by Vaniayar (Nair) community. That is their rights.

Masonry work for Kavu or temple used to be done by Maniyani (Nair) community. That is their rights.

Earthen pots used to be provided by Koshavan (Nair) community. That is their rights.

Theyyam rituals pertains to Kuttichathen, Gulikan, Chamundi etc Theyyem are performed by Malayar community. They are known as Paniker. That is their rights.

Theyyam rituals pertains to Muthappan Theyyam etc performed by Vannan community. They are known as Peruvannan. That is their rights.

Theyyam rituals pertains to Ponmakan, Ponmakal, Bhagavati, Karimkali Theyyem etc are performed by Munnoottan. That is their rights.

Theyyam rituals pertains Vazhunnor and other Theyyems are performed at Kunnathur padi is performed by Anjoottan communities. That is their rights.

Chenda melam (Drum and music) will be performed by Malayar community. That is their rights.

Delivery and child birth assistance used to be provided by Mali, the lady of Malayar community. That is their rights.

These rights are given for the local families of these particular communities, residing in that particular locality only. From other localities, one cannot get these community people, for which permission has to be obtained from local communities or through these locals only one can get the people from outside. This is how Thiyya, looked after other communities livelihood also, along with their own growth.

Some examples of few Thiyya Kavu, Madappura or Temple in Kannur.
Parassinikadavu Madappura, Parassinikadavu, Kannur, Kerala India.

Kalarivattam (Kalariyadath) kavu, Chala, Kannur, Kerala, India.

Kanoth Kavu, Thottada, Kannur, Kerala, India.

Kottali Kavu, Kottali, Kannur, Kerala, India.

Parakkandi Kavu, Kizhunna, Kannur, Kerala, India.

Andalur Kavu, Andalur, Kannur, Kerala, India.

Mannappamn Kavu, Kizhunna, Kannur, Kerala, India.

Gurikkanmara Kavu, Mundayod, Mavilayi, Kannur, Kerala, India, and so on.

Sourabh Xavio

Travelkannur, Kavukalum Theyyamgalum,	Theyyaperuma, മലബാറിലെ തെയ്യങ്ങ, https://www.facebook.com/VADAKKANTHEYYAM/ Theyyam #travel. #theyyamkannur. #malabares. #kannurdiaries, https://[http://www.facebook.com/Mangool%20Kanakath%20Surendran http://www.facebook.com/Mangool%20Kanakath%20Surendran%5D, https://www.facebook.com/TempleTube, https://www.facebook.com/Suneshkumar

Parassini kadavu madappura belongs to Thiyya community is a famous Hindu shrine of north Malabar region of Kerala, India, where Muthappan in the form of its Vellattam and Thiruvappana (Theyyems) are performed daily and worshiped. Muthappan vellattam and Thiruvappna Theyyems are performed every day there, throughout the year.

This is the only Hindu shrine in Kerala, India, where, tea, breakfast (prasadam), lunch and dinner are provided to its devotees of Muthappan, daily, throughout the year, free of cost and if required, free accommodation is also provided there for the needy.

Many Coorgies from Coorg of Karnataka state, India are regular visitors there. For such devotees, they provide free accommodation there in Madappura. Coorgies call Muthappan as Uthappa in their Coorgee language.

In case, if the food in Madappura is finished in their dining hall, they used to give free food coupon, with which one can get free food from any of the restaurant, nearby.

Offering rates there are very cheap. People belong to all communities of Hindus and all other religion used to visit Parassini kadavu Madappura, Parassini kadavu, Kannur, Kerala, India.

Devotees belongs to all religions are allowed to enter here.

For further details visit Travelkannur sight in the internet, which will give the list of Kavu or temples at Kannur and Kasargod districts, list of Theyyems there and the date on which the Theyyam rituals are celebrated there.

Thiyya's other rituals.
Thiyya used to performs Shastheya pooja, Vadakenbavu, akathu vechu kodukkal (a ritual to remember the ancestors) etc during Karkadaka vavu (Amavasya day of Karkadakam month) and in Tula vavu (Amavasya day of Tulam month) for their ancestors by the Aayyathar or by the family members at their home.

Thiyya performs Payamkutty (a ritual pertains to Muthappan) in every Thiyya house in most of the week. It will be performed by Thiyya male member or Thiyya boys.

It is Thiyyas community’s right to offer tender coconut for abhishekam (rituals) to god Siva at Akkara Kottiyur Shiva Temple, in first week of June, once in a year. The temple is situated in a river. After that festival, water will submerged the temple, there and nobody can go there. Millions of tender coconuts are being offered collectively by all Thiyya families of Kannur region, during the festival there in first week of June, every year.

Eight (8) Illams of Thiyya.
There were 8 illams in Thiyya. These eight Illam (home) among Thiyya community was known as: Thalakodan, Nellikkatheeyyan, Olodathiyyan, Palathiyyan, Karadathiyyan Parakkathiyyan, Paymbathiyyan and Baythiyyan.

It is specified in Role of Kalakams among Tiya community of northern Kerala. Open with Google, a Thisis submitted to University of Mysore for PhD in Anthropology, by V. Jayarajan.

Difference between Thiyya and other communities of Hindu.
Thiyya is a peculiar Hindu community, whose culture, Gods and Goddess, way of worship, rituals, social status, marriage customs, birth and death ceremonies, eating habits, spoken language Malayalam slang etc are entirely different from any other Malayalam speaking, Hindu communities of India.

Specialty of Thiyya community culture.
Thiyya worship their Gods and Goddess in the form of Theyyam.

Thiyya offer liquor, fish, mutton and chicken to their gods and goddesses during pooja (rituals). Other communities of Hindus, speaking Malayalam do not offer such things during pooja (rituals) or worship.

Thiyya never ask or demand or give or take dowry in any form, during their marriage. No pleasing system of groom’s family by bride’s family by giving money or motor cycle or car or house, utincils, furnitures etc or in any other form.

Thiyya community is not having any sub caste or Thiyya is not a sub caste of any other community.

It concludes that Thiyya is a peculiar community of Hindu religion, speaking Malayalam.

Thiyya community association and Facebook pages.
തീയ്യക്ഷേമസഭ Thiyyakshemasabha, Thiyya Mahasabha, https://[http://www.facebook.com/thiyyavamsham, തിയ്യ യുവജന സംഘം Thiyya Maha Sabha Malappuram, Thiyyasamskruti, https://.facebook.com/Mangool Kanakath Surendran

Hindu Religion or Sanathana Dharmam.
Hinduism or Sanathana Dharma is based on Vedas. Veda means knowledge in Sanskrit. Thiyya community belongs to Hindu religion.

In Hinduism, there is no restriction for anything. You are free to think and live as per your choice. There is no one to restrict you from anything. It is your wish how you want to live. You are fully at your liberty.

There is no compelsion that you have to go to Temple or Kavu, Madappura etc. or worship any of our gods or read religious books etc. It is up to you.

Vedas are hymes and mantras written in poetical style and prose, written in Sanskrit language and completed it by many Rushis of Bharath or India, before 8000 BC.

There is scientific evidence for that. It was checked and proved through computers by programming for statements given in Rig Veda and Thithereeya Brahmana.

“That when Jupitar planet occults at Delta Concreeon star, it felt that a new star has been born”.

With the help of computers it was found that, it happened in the year 4275 BC +/- 75 years. Vedas were written by many Rushis (saints) like, Viswamitra, Vasishta , Vyasa etc and their gotras and their disciples.Those Rushis the Vedas were written in various places in bits and pieces. Gotra means family. Latter, Krishnadwaipayana (latter, known as Vedavyasa), son of a fisherman, compiled all these Vedas in 4 different compilations in the present forms.

Before reciting the Vedas, name of the Rushi, who has written that sloka, will be read first along with its Chandus and the Devatha (God).

By knowing the Rushi’s name while reciting Veda, it is found that these Rushis were lived about 2000 years ago than that of BC 4275. Also with the Vedic literature used in the Sanskrit language used in Veda can also identify the period, when it was written.

Thus we can conclude that Vedas were written before 8000 BC. For more information, listen to Dr.N Balakrishnan’s, Scientist, CSIR’s lecture, on how old are the Vedas in YouTube.

Many of its parts of Vedas were destroyed by Muslim rulers and Muslim invaders. They have forcefully accumulated Vedas and burnt the Vedas in fire for many weeks to eliminate Hindus and promoting Islam.

Similarly the Christian machineries also did lot of harm to Hindus. Christian machineries tortured and killed many Hindus in Goa and forcefully converted Hindus to Christianity.

Now, both Muslim and Christians converts Hindus to their religion by hook and crook by using various methods to increase their population.

Anybody can read Veda. There is no restriction for that. It is written for the benefit of mankind.

Vedas can be freely downloaded and can hear its reciting from IISH download (Indian Institute of Scientific Heritage) from Google.

www.IISH Download on Google for free down load or listening all 4 Vedas. How old are the Vedas, by Dr.N Gopalakrishnan, Scientist, CSIR. Lecture published on YouTube by Prakruti Mata on 5.11.2012. Book on Sanathana Dharma Vishesham, by Dr. N Gopalakrishnan, IISH, Heritage Publication series 96. Book on Hinduism Hindu Dharma Sanathana Dharma (Questions and Answers) by Dr. N Gopalakrishnan, IISH, Heritage Publication series 89. Veda Patana class by Dr.N Gopalakrishnan, Scientist, CSIR. Lecture on YouTube. When Kaliyuga started by Dr.N Gopalakrishnan, Scientist, CSIR. Lecture on YouTube. Ka Ta PA Yaadi numbers by Dr.N Gopalakrishnan,Scientist, Lecture on YouTube. Aarya Bhateeya sankya (numbers) by Dr.N Gopalakrishnan, Scientist, on YouTube. Indian number system by Dr.N Gopalakrishnan, on YouTube. Jyothisham by Dr.N Gopalakrishnan, Scientist, on YouTube. Bhagavad Geeta by Dr.N Gopalakrishnan, Scientist, on YouTube Bhaskara number system by. Dr.N Gopalakrishnan, Scientist, on YouTube. Shrimad Bhagawad Geeta with its explanation in Hindi, Saregama on YouTube. GRD Iyers chanting rules By GRD Iyers in YouTube. Learn Astrology in Malayalam Aritajyothi channel in YouTube. Hinduism, Sanathana Dharma by Dr. N.Gopalakrishnan on YouTube. Veda Patanam swara practice by Dr. N Gopalakrishnan on YouTube. How old are the Vedas? Detailed explanation by Dr.N Gopalakrishnan on YouTube. Rigveda Parichayam by Dr. N Gopalakrishnan on YouTube Why so many Hindu literature by Dr. N Gopalakrishnan on YouTube.

For Hindus there are Muppathi mukkodi gods and Goddesses. That means 33% of human are godly in nature.

In Hindu philosophy, the Sanskrit sentence “ Aham Brahmasmi ” means I am of Brahman or “I am the infinite Reality”. “Thathwamasi” also have similar meaning.

God is there within you or any person.

One can get its realization by doing Meditation.

There are 7 chakras in a human body, namely, Mooladhara, Swadishtana, Manipura, Anahata, Vishudhi, Ajna and Sahasrara.

Mooladhara chakra is near anus, Swadishtana chakra is near urinary bladder, Manipura chakra is at umbilical code junction, Anahat chakra is near heart, Vishudhi chakra is on neck, Ajna chakra in on forehead in between eyebrows and Sahsrara chakra is on top center of the head. Kundalini activates from Mooladhara chakra to Sahasrara chakra through eda and pingala sushumna nadi, of a person, if one meditate properly.

Once his or her Kundalini activates, the man or woman become divine.

For Hindus, God is only one, the ultimate Truth.

One can reach to the God, the ultimate Truth(the Adwaidam), through Dwaidam, by worshiping idols of Ganapathi, Shiva, Parvathi, Krishna, Rama, Vishnu, Mahalaxmi, Saraswathi, Subramanyan, Hanuman, Muthappan, Ayyappan, kuttichathan, Chamundi, Gulikan, Bhagavathi, Thamburatti etc.. It is called as Dwaidam.

Dwaidam means God is different I am different. Adwidam means God and my self are one and the same, and god is with in every one.

Lord Ganapathi has to be worshiped first to begin with for any activity, as per Hinduism.

Ganapathi, Hanuman etc will listen to you very soon without much devotion.

It is up to you, through whom you want to communicate with the God, the ultimate Truth or you can go through all of them also. You are free.

No mediator or a poojari or priest is required to pray god for you.

You can pray by yourself by sitting or standing or lying position, anywhere and ask the god what you want, with clarity and without any confusion.

Your request to the god should be very clear and specific, whole heatedly with tears in your eyes. Your request should not be a confusing type. You will get it.

Hindus have as many as 1280 basic authentic dharmic (religious and scientific) books. If you want to read, read it. There is no compulsion.

These Hindu religious books give knowledge for the mankind. It can be make use by any one by reading it. There is no restriction.

All these Hindu religious books have certain level of understanding, like a book of a 10th or 12th standard student or a graduate student or a postgraduate student or a PhD student. Choose these books to read as per your capacity to understand its correct meaning.

Most of these books are written in Sanskrit language. But there is some translation of it in other Regional Indian languages and in English.

So, If you can learn Sanskrit, it is easy to understand its correct meaning. Learning Sanskrit is very easy. There are many on line Sanskrit classes in YouTube.

While Hindu do any rituals, first light a lamp, and the lamp will remain on till all the rituals are completed, keep water in kindi (Kindi in Malayalam means a vessel for keeping water with an attached pipe sort of thing to take out water from it) or any suitable vessel and then proceed further. That means worshiping the light and water first then dhoop (incandescence) represents Vayu (air) and then fire. One has to start worship light, water, air, ether and fire (Pancha bhootha). Everything in the Universe is made out of these Panch bhootha, light, water, air, ether and fire, as per Hinduism.

Hindu Rituals.
Most of the Hindu rituals are performed by making a yagna kundam (for lighting fire) and then recite the required mantra and offer the items like flowers, Ghee, coconut and other offerings etc into the fire in yagna kundam. The space or place name, time and person’s name will be explained first, while performing any rituals.

The space or place: While Hindu do rituals, first they explain the space or place, where they are doing the rituals then they chant mantra then they specify the time they do the rituals and then the person (perceiver / observer) who do the rituals and what is the ritual (the observed) etc..

For example, a person performing the rituals from Prasanna Bhavan, Thottada, Kannur, Kerala, India will tell like this;

The space or place starts from the Universe (Brahmandam) -> to this solar system -> to earth -> to Asia (jambu dweepa) -> to Bharath varsha (India) -> to Parasurama kshetra (Kerala) –to Kannur -> to Thottada -> Prasanna Bhavan (sannidhi or the actual place), where you are doing the ritual (thus the space or place is made very clear).

The time: The time we specify from Kalpa -> to Manwanthara -> Yuga -> Varsha or year -> Ayana -> masa or month -> Paksha -> Thithi – samaya or time.

Ayana is the position of the Sun with respect to Earth, Utharayana or Dakshinayana (Sun towards north or south).

Paksha is indicating the position of Moon with respect to Earth, Krishna paksham (towards Amavasya) or Shuklapaksham (towards Poornima).

For example: 7th Manwanthara, 28th Mahaayuga in which 4th Yuga, which is the 5121 Kali yuga varsham (year), utharayana or dakshinayana, masam (month), paksham (Krishna paksham or shukla paksham), thithi, and date in Malayalm or 1870491 kali dinam ( Kali day count) (pertains to 18th May 2020 or 4th Medam 1195 (Malayalam era) mentioned for that day, then the time of doing the ritual. (Thus the time is correctly specified).

The name of the person: Specify one’s Tharavad name (family name) or Gothram -> to son or daughter of father’s and mother’s name -> to the person’s Nakshatram (birth star) -> to self name (his or her).

The Time is calculated like this by Hindus:

One day of Lord Brahma = One Kalpa = 14 Manwantaras.

Starting from 7th Manwantara, 28th Mahayuga, in which the 4th Yuga is Kali yuga, the year, the Month, the Day and the Time.

One day of Lord Brahma = One Kalpa.

One Kalpa = 14 Manwantaras

One Manwanthara = 72 Mahayugas

One Mahayuga = 43,20,000 Years.

One method of calculation:

The present Manwantara is 7th one, known as Vaivaswtha Manwantara. That means 6 Manwantaras are over, which is equal to 6 x 72 x 43,20,000 years. (= A) In the 7th Manwantara, this is the 28th Mahayuga, which means 27 Mahayugas are over. So the number of Years elapsed after the commencing of this Manwantara = 27 x 43,20,000 years. (=B)

This is the 28th Mahayuga, in which Krutha Yuga, Thretha Yuga and Dwapara Yuga are over. According to which the number of Years elapsed in this Mahayuga = 43,20,000x ¾ years (=C) The Present Yuga is Kali Yuga and the Kali year is 5121 (pertains to 18th May 2020). So the elapsed years is 5120 (=D).

So the total number of years after beginning of “the Day” (One Day of Brahma is equal to one Kalpa) of this Kalpa = A + B + C + D.

The total Years after beginning of Brahma’s Day = A + B + C+ D = (6 x 72 x 43,20,000) + (27 x 43,20,000) + (43,20,000 x ¾ ) + (5120) Years =1986125120 years. This is the “Time” elapsed which is in the time used in our Mahasankalpa.

Another method of calculation:

Calculations for the elapsed years after the beginning of the 28th Mahayuga:

3 Yugas, namely, Krutha Yuga, Thretha Yuga and Dwapara Yuga are over, before the beginning of Kali Yuga.

1 Mahayuga = 43,20,000 years.

Mahayuga comprise of Krutha Yuga, Thretha Yuga, Dwapara Yuga and Kali Yuga = 43,20,000 years.

The Krutha Yuga = 4,32,000 x 4 years.

The Thretha Yuga = 4,32,000 x 3 years.

The Dwapara Yuga = 4,32,000 x 2 years.

If all these put together = (4,32,000 x 4) + (4,32,000 x 3) + (4,32,000 x 2) years = E. Then the number of years elapsed after the beginning of Kalpa = (6 x 72 x 43,20,000) +(27 x 43,20,000) + (4,32,000 x 4) + (4,32,000 x 3) + (4,32,000 x 2) + 5120 years (pertains to 18th May 2020) =1986773120 years. That is = A + B + C + E + 5120 years.

In modern calculation, this will come approximately 1990 Million years (Approx. 2000 million years).

It has been proved that this is the Archezoic era, during when life began on the surface of the globe Earth as micro organisms like Amoeba. Bacteria etc.

Hindus Mahasankalpa has mentioned the same point as the modern science as far as this period is concerned. That is the Scientific India. Here the ultra modern science integrated with ultra ancient spirituality through rituals based Mahasankalpa.

Malayalam calendar.

Malayalm era or Year is based on Sun and months are based on earth’s position facing on 12 Rasi, mentioned in Jyothisham (Indian Astrology). In north Malabar the year starts from Vishu as the first day of the year, which falls on 14th or 15th April every year.

No. of days of each Malayalam month followed as per North Malabar Malayalam calendar is given below.

Madam              31 days, Edavam             31 days, Mithunam           32 days, Karkidakam         31 days, Chingam            31 days, Kanni              31 days, Tulam              29 days, Vruschikam         30 days, Dhanu              29 days, Makaram            30 days, Kumbham            30 days, Meenam             30 days,

Days in Malayalam.

Nhayar, Thingal, Chovva, Budhan, Vyazham, Velli, Sani

Thithi, lunar day.

Pournami (Full Moon day, Prathipadam, Dwithiya, Truthiya, Chathurthi, Panjami, Shasti, Samptami, Ashtami, Navami, Dasami, Ekadashi, Dwadashi, Thrayodeshi, Chathurdashi, Amavasi (No Moon day.

Nakshatram (27 Stars or Constellations, which are influencing human). Earth’s 360 degree divided by 27 stares comes to 13 1/3 degree and 27 stars divided by 12 Rashi = 2 ¼ stares

60 nazhika ( 24 hours ) Therefore 15 Nazhika (6 hours).

Each rashi is 30 degree

Aswathi, Bharani, Karthika, Rohini, Makeeryam, Thiruvathira, Punartham, Pooyyam, Ayilyam, Makam, Pooram, Uthram, Atham, Chitra, Chothi, Vishakham, Anizham, Trukketta, Moolam, Pooradam, Uthradam, Thiruvonam, Avittam, Chathayam, Pooruttathi, Uthrattathi, Revathi.

Please note that, in the calendar, Nakshatram and Thithi will be mentioned along with its duration on that day in Nazhika. (In Panjangam,Nazhika is shown as na and Vinayika as vi) During Sun raise on any day, which Nakshatram and Thithi is existing will be mentioned in the calendar or panjangam for that day’s nakshatram and Thithi and will be shown, this much Nazhika remains in that day pertains to that Naksharam and Thithi.

The balance of the day, next Nakshatram and next Thithi will be the actual. So while noticing the Naksharam and Thithi pertains to a time in a day, one should be very careful.

Tables: As per Jyothisham, 1 year = 365 days 1day = 24 hours = 60 Nazhika= (4 padam, comprising of 15 vinazhika in each padam 1, 2, 3 and 4) 1hour= 2 ½ Nazhika. 1 Nazhika= 60 Vinayika.

Note: Date of birth, correct local time of birth and place (latitude and longitude) of birth, state and country should be noted correctly and kept, when a child is born. These information are required to write his or her Jathakam (Horoscope).

Rashi: (12 Rashis. Each Rashi comprises of 2 ¼ Nakshatrams or Srtars). (It is based on Earth revalution into 360 degree is divided into 12 Rashis, facing to 27 stars). Earth’s 360 degree divided by 27 stares comes to 13 1/3 degree and 27 stars divided by 12 Rashi = 2 ¼ stares 60 nazhika (24 hours). Therefore 1 padam is 15 Nazhika (6 hours). Each rashi is 30 degree

Madam Comprise of Aswathi, Bharani and Karthika 1st padam. Edavam Comprise of Karthika 2nd, 3rd & 4th padam, Rohini, Makiryam 1st & 2ndpadam. Mithunam Comprise of Makiryaam 3rd & 4th padam, Thiruvathira, Punartham1st, 2nd& 3rd padam. Karkidakam Comprise of Punartham 4th padam, Poyyam, Ayilyam. Chingam Comprise of Makam, Pooram, Uthram 1st padam. Kanni Comprise of Utram 2nd, 3rd, & 4th padam, Atham, Chitra 1st & 2nd padam. Tulam Comprise of Chitra 3rd & 4th, Chothi, Vishakham 1st, 2nd & 3rd padam. Vruschikam Comprise of Vishakham 4th, Anizham, Thrukketta. Dhanu Comprise of Moolam, Pooradam, Uthradam 1st padam. Makaram Comprise of Uthradam 2nd, 3rd, 4th, Thiruvonam, Avittam 1st & 2nd padam. Kumbham Comprises of Avittam 3rd, 4th padam, Chadayam, Puruttathi 1st, 2nd, 3rd. Meenam Comprises of Puruttathi 4th, Uthrattathi, and Revathi. Details are available in Mathrubhumi Panchangam or any other Panchangam.

Planets or Gruham, which influence the human (9 nos.).

Sun (Sooryan), Moon (Chandran), Mars (Chovva or kujan), Mercury (Budhan), Jupeter (Vyazham or Guru), Venus (Shukran), Satern (Sani or Mandan), Rahu, Ketu, Gulikan (Maanni).

Rahu and Ketu are some powerful nodes, which will always be at two opposite direction. These are not all the planets of Solar system.

Dasha periods. Karthika, Uthram, Uthradam                     Sun (Sooryan) dasha                  6 years. Rohini, Atham, Thiruvonam                      Moon (Chandran) dasha               10 years. Makeeryam, Chithira, Avittam                   Mars (Chovva or kujan) dasha         7 years. Thiruvathira, Chothi, Chathayam                Rahu dasha                          18 years. Punartham, Vishakham, Poororuttathi            Jupeter (Vyazham) or Guru dasha     16 years. Pooyyam, Anizham, Uthrattathi                  Sani dasha (Satern or Mandan)       19 years. Ayillyam Thrukketta, Revathi                   Mercury or Budha dasha              17 years. Aswathi, Makam, Moolam                         Ketu dasha                           7 years. Bharani, Pooram, Pooradam                      Sukra dasha (Venus)                 20 years.

By seeing the table above, one can see on which Dasha a child is born. But that Dasha full period may not be applicable to that child. The exact Shista Dasha depends on the exact time the child was born and how much Nazhika and Vinayika is left after the child’s birth for that Nakshatram.

By seeing on which Nakshatram, a child is born and how many Nazhika and Vinayika is left on that day of child birth depends, how many year, how many month and how many days are left in the present Dasha on which the child was born, which is called Shishta dasha of that child. This is very much dependent on the exact time and place (latitude and longitude) on the child is born.

After the Shishta Dasha period, the next Dasha will come for that child and so on. So you should note down the correct local time of that place, place (latitude and longitude) and date of birth of the child to make his or her Horoscope.

Rashi chakram.

Draw a square and draw an inner square in it. Divide the top line into 4 divisions, divide right side line into 4 divisions, divide bottom line into 4 divisions and divide left line into 4 divisions. Altogether, there become 12 small squares in the outer ring.

Name it on the outer side of each squares starting from top left, clockwise direction as Meenam, Madam, Edavam, Mithunam, Karkitakakam, Chingam, Kanni, Tulam, Vrischikam, dhanu, Makaram and Kumbham.

That means you have placed 12 Rashi on the Rashi chakram (Each rashi consists of 30 degrees). Top side of the Rashi chakram is east, right side is south, bottom is west and left side is north directions.

For details, listion for more details in some Astrology book or from the Youtube to learn further.

While checking for horoscope matching before marriage of boy and girl, following things to be noted.

1)	Nakshatra porutham 2)	Jathaka porutham 3)	Papa samyam 4)	There should not be any dasha sandhi dosham or kootu dasha.

Kali Yugam.
Kali yugam is based on Astronomical phenomenon. The day when Sun, Moon, Mars, Venus, Mercury, Jupiter, Saturn and Earth come in one line with Meda sankranthi, the Alpha Aries point. That day the Kali Yuga started. It happened 38 years before the Mahabharata war.

It was happened on 3102 BC, 17th February, Thursday, midnight at 11.55 pm (Kali yugam started from this time onwards).

When Kaliyuga started by Dr.N Gopalakrishnan, Scientist, CSIR. Lecture on YouTube.

Yoga of Grihas (planets) took place on that day, so it is called Yugam.

During that period, The King Pareekshith was ruling Bharat (India).

Thus, Kali Yugam started on 3102 BC, 17th February, Thursday, mid night at 11.55pm.

Kali Yugam is going on now. Present Kali Varsham (year) is 5121 (14th April 2020) and 1870488th day (As on 20th July 2020) of Kali dinam (Kali day) falls on 14th April 2020 and which is also known as 1st Madam 1195 in Malayalam era. Kali calendar is for 60 years duration.

Hinduism followed Kali varsham, Kali dinam (Kali year and Kali days). In all old authentic religious and scientific books of Hindus, the date is mentioned in Kali varsham and Kali dinam.

Mahabharata war held in 3140 BC. Mahabharata war happened 38 years before the Kali Yugam started. Lord Sri Krishna expired near to the day of Kali Yugam started.

Mahabharata and Sreemad Bhagavat Geeta were written in 3140 BC.

It is proven now with the help of computers, by doing computer programming to get back calculating for that day on which such alignment occurred in solar system.

Vishu is Thiyyer’s New Year. Vishu was on 14th April 2020, this year and which is known as 1st Madam 1195 in Malayalam era and that day is the 1870488th day of Kali dinam.

So one can calculate the exact kali dinam (day) of a particular date, by taking 1 year is 365 days and calculate for it. As per Indian Astrology 1 year is equal to 365 days.

Religious books of Hindu Religion or Sanathana Dharmam.
Hindus have as many as 1280 basic authentic dharmic (religious) books. If you want to read, read it. There is no compulsion.

These Hindu religious books give knowledge for the mankind. It can be make use by any one by reading it.

Vedas and other 1280 basic authentic religious and scientific books of Hindus are given below:

Hindus or Sanathana Dharma have as many as 1280 foundation religious literatures, about 10,000 commentaries written in Sanskrit language and about 1,00,000 sub commentaries, written in various other Indian languages.

www.IISH Download on Google for free down load or listening all 4 Vedas. How old are the Vedas, by Dr.N Gopalakrishnan, Scientist, CSIR. Lecture published on YouTube by Prakruti Mata on 5.11.2012. Veda Patana class by Dr.N Gopalakrishnan, Scientist, CSIR. Lecture on YouTube. Rigveda Parichayam by Dr. N Gopalakrishnan on YouTube Why so many Hindu literature by Dr. N Gopalakrishnan on YouTube.

A. Vedas (means knowledge in Sanskrit)

1) Rig veda somhitha (contains 25 Shakhas or branches)

2) Yejur veda somhitha (contains 108 Shakhas or branches)

3) Sama Veda somhitha (contains 1000 shakhas or branches)

4) Atharva veda somhitha (contains 50 shakas or branches)

B. Brahmanam

I. Rigvedeeya Brahmanam

1) Ithereya Brahmanam 2) Samkhyayana Brahmanam 3) Kousheethaki Brahmanam

II. Yejurvedeeya Brahmanam

1) Shathapatha Brahmanam 2) Thythereeya Brahmanam 3) Mythraya Brahmanam

III. Samavedeeya Brahmanam

1) Jaimeeniya Brahmanam 2) Thandya Brahmanam 3) Arsheya Brahmanam 4) Shadvimshad Brahmanam 5) Chandokhya Brahmanam 6) Samavidhana Brahmanam 7) Abhootha Brahmanam 8) Vomsha Brahmanam 9) Somhithopnished Brahmanam

IV Artharvedeeya Brahmanam

1) Gopatha Brahmanam

C. Aranyakamgal

I. Rigvedeeya Aranyakam

1) Ayithereya Aranyakam 2) Kousheethaki Aranyakam

II. Yajurveda Aranyakam

1) Mythrayaneeya Aranykam 2) Thythereeya Aranyakam

D. Upanishaths:

I. Rig veda Upanishath 1) Aythereeya Upanishath 2) Kousheethaki Upanishath 3) Nadabindu Upanishad. 4) Athmabodha Upanishad 5) Nirvana Upanisad 6) Mulgala Upanishad 7) Akshamalika Upanishad 8) Tripura Upanishad 9) Soubhagyalakshmi Upanishad 10) Bruhavrucha Upanishad

II. Shukla Yejurvedeeya Upanishad

1) Ishavavasya Upanishad 2) Bruhadaranya Upanishad 3) Hams Upanishad 4) Paramahamsa Upanishad 5) Subala Upanishad 6) Mandrika Upanishad 7) Trishikhibrahmana Upanishad 8) Niralamba Upanishad 9) Mandalabrahmana Upanishad 10) Advaya Upanishad 11) Taraka Upanishad 12) Bhikshuka Upanishad 13) Adyathma Upanishad 14) Mukthika Upanishad 15) Tarashara Upanishad 16) Yagnavalkya Upanishad 17) Shatyayana Upanishad 18) Thuriyatheeya avadhutha Upanishad

III. Krishna Yejurvedeeya Upanishad

1) Khata Upanishad 2) Thithireeya Upanishad 3) Bramha Upanishad 4) Kaivalya Upanishad 5) Shwethashwethera Upanishad 6) Garbha Upanishad 7) Mahanarayana Upanishad 8) Amruthabindu Upanishad 9) Amruthanada Upanishad 10) Kalagnirudra Upanishad 11) Kshurika Upanishad 12) Sarvasara Upanishad 13) Shukarahasya Upanishad 14) Thejabindu Upanishad 15) Dhyanabindu Upanishad 16) Brahmavidya Upanishad 17) Yogatathva Upanishad 18) Dakshinamurthy Upanishad 19) Skanda Upanishad 20) Shareerika Upanishad 21) Yogashikha Upanishad 22) Ekakshara Upanishad 23) Akshi Upanishad 24) Avadoodha Upanishad 25) Kattarudra Upanishad 26) Rudrahrudaya Upanishad 27) Panchabrahma Upanishad 28) Pranagnihothra Upanishad 29) Varaha Upanishad 30) Yogakundalini Upanishad 31) Kalisandarana Upanishad 32) Saraswathi rahasya Upanishad

IV     Samavedeeya Upanishad

1) Kena Upanishad 2) Chhandokya Upanishad 3) Aaruni Upanishad 4) Maithrayani Upanishad 5) Maithreyi Upanishad 6) Vajrasoochika Upanishad 7) Yogachoodamani Upanishad 8) Vasudeva Upanishad 9) Mahopanishad 10) Sanyasa Upanishad 11) Avyaktha Upanishad 12) Kuntika Upanishad 13) Savitri Upanisad 14) Jabala Upanishad 15) Darshana Upanishad 16) Rudraksha Jabala Upanishad

V Atharvedeeya Upanishad:

1) Prasna Upanishad 2) Mundaka Upanishad 3) Mandookya Upanishad 4) Atharvashira Upanisad 5) Atharvashikha Upanishad 6) Bruhathjabala Upanishad 7) Seetha Upanishad 8) Sharabha Upanishad 9) Mahanarayana Upanishad 10) Ramarahasya Upanishad 11) Ramathapini Upanishad 12) Sandilya Upanishad 13) Paramahamsa Upanishad 14) Annapoorna Upanishad 15) Soorya Upanishad 16) Athma Upanishad 17) Pashupatha Upanishad 18) Parabrahma Upanishad 19) Trupurathapini Upanishad 20) Devi Upanishad 21) Bhavana Upanishad 22) Bhasma Japala Upanishad 23) Ganapathi Upanishad 24) Mahavakya Upanishad 25) Gopalathapini Upanishad 26) Sri Krushna Upanishad 27) Hayagreeva Upanishad 28) Dathathreya Upanishad 29) Garuda Upanishad 30) Narasimhapoorvathapini Upanishad 31) Naradapariprajaka Upanishad 32) Narasimhautharathapini Upanishad 33) Naradapariprajaka Upanishad 34) Narasimha Utharathapini Upanishad

E. Vedamgamgal:

1) Shiksha 2) Niruktham 3) Vyakaranam 4) Chhanda shastram 5) Kalpa shastram:

Shouthasootram + Dharmasootram + Pitrumedhasootram+ Sulbhasootram+ Grahyasootram + Prayaschitham

6) Jyothisham (Indian Astrology):

Ganitham + Kalakriya + Golam + Jathakam + Muhoortham + Prasnam + Nimitham Jyothisham by Dr.N Gopalakrishnan, Scientist, on YouTube. Learn Astrology in Malayalam Aritajyothi channel in YouTube.

Ancient Indian number system, used by Hindus:

In ancient books on Jyothisham (Indian Astrology) and text pertains to Mathematical calculations, formulas, numerals are written in poetic way, using common words used in Malayalam and Sanskrit.

For example, the number 1 pertains to object name like Moon, Earth, sun etc, the only one, number 2 symbolizes to hands, eyes and legs etc having two in numbers, like that it continues. While numbering, If one says Moon, it means 1, if one say hands means 2 etc, in the order of one, ten, hundred, thousand, ten thousand, one lakh, ten lakh, one crore, ten crore etc.

Ka Ta PA Yaadi numbers by Dr.N Gopalakrishnan,Scientist, Lecture on YouTube. Aarya Bhateeya sankya (numbers) by Dr.N Gopalakrishnan, Scientist, on YouTube. Indian number system by Dr.N Gopalakrishnan, on YouTube. Bhaskara number system by. Dr.N Gopalakrishnan, Scientist, on YouTube.

Jyothisham by Dr.N Gopalakrishnan, Scientist, on YouTube.

F. Upavedamngal:

1) Arthashastram 2) Dhanurvedam 3) Gandharvavedam 4) Ayurvedam 5) Shapathya vedam (Thachushastram or Vastu shastram)

G.  Maha Puranangal: 1)  Vishnu Puranam           2)  Bhavishya Puranam 3) Garuda Puranam           4)  Agni Puranam 5) Mahabhagavatha Puranam           6)  Shiva Puranam 7)  Markandeya Puranam           8)   Limga Puranam 9) Brahmavyvartha Puranam          10)  Malsya Puranam 11) Koorma Puranam          12)  Varaha Puranam 13) Vamana puranam          14)  Skanda Puranam 15) Brahmanda Puranam          16)  Pathma Puranam 17) Vayu Puranam           18)  Naradeeya Puranam H.  Darshanangal: 1) Nyaya darshanam (Gouthaman)           2)  Vyshesheeka darshanam (Kanadan) 3) Samkhya darshanam (Kapilan)           4)  Yoga darshanam (Patanjali) 5) Poorvameemamsa darshanam (Jaimini)           6)  Uthareemamsa darshanam (Vyasan) I.  Smruthikal: 1) Ooshana smruthi              2) Yaghnavalkya smruthi 3) Vishnu smruthi             4)  Manu smruthi 5) Amgeera smruthi            6)  Yema smruthi 7) Athri smruth            8)  Somvartha smruthi 9) Bruhathparashara smruthi            10) Bruhaspathi smruthi 11) Daksha smruthi           12)  Shathathap smruthi 13) Likhitha smruthi            14)  Vyasa smruthi 15) Parashara smruthi            16)  Shamkha smruthi 17)  Gouthama smruthi            18)   Vasishta smruthi J.   Ithihasangal:

1) Valmeki Ramayanam 2) Vyasa Mahabharatham -> Srimad Bhagavad Geeta

References.
1) തീയ്യക്ഷേമസഭ Thiyyakshemasabha 2) Thiyya Mahasabha 3) https://[1] 4) ചൂര്യയി_കണാര 5) തീയ്യരിലെ പ്രമുഖ വ്യക്തിത്വങ്ങ 6) https://www.facebook.com/CelebrationofNorthernKerala 7) Mannanar Raja-Thiyya King in North Kerala 8) https://www.thiyyars.com 9) തിയ്യ യുവജന സംഘം 10) https://www.facebook.com/VADAKKANTHEYYAM/ 11) Theyyam 12) #travel. #theyyamkannur. #malabares. #kannurdiaries 13) #kozhikodens. #Kannada #thulu #kasaragod 14) https://[2] 15) Thiyya Maha Sabha Malappuram 16) Sourabh Xavio 17) Travelkannur 18) THIEYARS OF MALABAR 19) Kavukalum Theyyamgalum 20) Theyyaperuma 21) മലബാറിലെ തെയ്യങ്ങ മലബാറിലെ തെയ്യങ്ങ 22) Thiyyasamskruti 23) https://[[archive.org/details/caste&tribesofs007thuriala], Castes and tribes of Southern India: Thurston, Edgar 1855-1935.] 24) >northmalabar>theeyas%20of%20Malabar. https://history of northmalabar.weebly.com>northmalabar>theeyas of Malabar. 25) https://haribhaskaran.com/2008/02/10/the the_ Thiyyas of north Malabar. 26) List of other backward classes, Ministry of social justice and empowerment, Government of India. >detail%20search%20caste%20and%20community%20in%20the%20central%20list%20of%20OBC. [https://services.india.gov.in>detail%20search%20caste%20and%20community%20in%20the%20central%20list%20of%20OBC.%5D [https://services.india.gov.in>detail%20search%20caste%20and%20community%20in%20the%20central%20list%20of%20OBC. https://services.india.gov.in>detail search caste and community in the central list of OBC. ]] 27) >user_panel>central%20list%20of%20OBC-National%20commission%20for%20backward%20classes. www.ncbc.nic.in>user_panel>central list of OBC-National commission for backward classes. 28) Book of Dr. MC Shymalente DNA studies from north Africa to till north Malabar 29) Role of Kalakams among Tiya community of northern Kerala. Open with Google, a Thisis submitted to University of Mysore for PhD in Anthropology, by V. Jayarajan. 30) www.IISH Download on Google for free down load or listening all 4 Vedas. 31) How old are the Vedas, by Dr.N Gopalakrishnan, Scientist, CSIR. Lecture published on YouTube by Prakruti Mata on 5.11.2012. 32) Book on Sanathana Dharma Vishesham, by Dr. N Gopalakrishnan, IISH, Heritage Publication series 96. 33) Book on Hinduisam Hindu Dharma Sanathana Dharma (Questions and Answers) by Dr. N Gopalakrishnan, IISH, Heritage Publication series 89. 34) Veda Patana class by Dr.N Gopalakrishnan, Scientist, CSIR. Lecture on YouTube. 35) When Kaliyuga started by Dr.N Gopalakrishnan, Scientist, CSIR. Lecture on YouTube. 36) Ka Ta PA Yaadi numbers by Dr.N Gopalakrishnan,Scientist, Lecture on YouTube. 37) Aarya Bhateeya sankya (numbers) by Dr.N Gopalakrishnan, Scientist, on YouTube. 38) Indian number system by Dr.N Gopalakrishnan, on YouTube. 39) Jyothisham by Dr.N Gopalakrishnan, Scientist, on YouTube. 40) Bhagavad Geeta by Dr.N Gopalakrishnan, Scientist, on YouTube 41) Bhaskara number system by. Dr.N Gopalakrishnan, Scientist, on YouTube. 42) Shrimad Bhagawad Geeta with its explanation in Hindi, Saregama on YouTube. 43) GRD Iyers chanting rules By GRD Iyers in YouTube. 44) Learn Astrology in Malayalam Aritajyothi channel in YouTube. 45) Hinduism, Sanathana Dharma by Dr. N.Gopalakrishnan on YouTube. 46) Veda Patanam swara practice by Dr. N Gopalakrishnan on YouTube. 47) How old are the Vedas? Detailed explanation by Dr.N Gopalakrishnan on YouTube. 48) Rigveda Parichayam by Dr. N Gopalakrishnan on YouTube 49) Why so many Hindu literature by Dr. N Gopalakrishnan on YouTube. 50) https://www.facebook.com/TempleTube 51) https://www.facebook.com/KalariKendramDelhi 52) https://www.facebook.com/Suneshkumar 53) https://.facebook.com/Mangool Kanakath Surendran

Today date is Monday 20thJuly 2020, Today date in Malayalam Kollam (year) is 5th Karkidakam 1195, Today date in Kali Varsham (year) is 5121, Kalidinam 1870554.