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Michel Meyer, born 11 November 1950, is a Belgian philosopher and professor at the Free University of Brussels (l'Université libre de Bruxelles) and l'Université de Mons. His thought chiefly concerns reason and rhetoric, to which he has contributed by introducing an approach to argumentation that he calls "problematology." He is an economist by training, holding a Master of Arts from Johns Hopkins University and a Ph. D. (1977). He is Chevalier des Arts et des Lettres de la République Française.

=Thought=

A student of Chaim Perelman, whose thought he helped to make known, Michel Meyer has devoted work to analytic philosophy, Kant and ontology. Although claiming a radically new approach to rhetoric and language, which he calls "problematology," Meyer retains and reinterprets some key themes of the Aristotelian tradition (The Rhetoric, Topics), in light of his own view of reasoning, argumentation and discourse.

Problematology draws attention to questioning, and the dynamic relation between question and answer, as the long-neglected and even suppressed component of reason. Since Plato, the logos and reason has been understood in terms of propositions. In the modern era, "propositionalism" has led Western philosophy into the dead ends of logical positivism on the one hand and nihilism on the other.

Through his problematological approach, Meyer has also been interested in the problems posed by aesthetics and, in particular, literature. In the same perspective, he also proposes to understand reality - a problematic concept par excellence - [personal interpretation] by integrating it into the dynamic (rhetorical) question / answer that he places at the center of problematology and, more broadly, of philosophy.

The work of Michel Meyer could be divided into two parts: on the one hand, the problematological mechanics proper - which is found in Of Problematology and Questioning and Historicity - and, on the other hand, the application from it to a thematic of a daily life that relates to any individual in the course of actual life; existence which is precisely the subject of questions. [ref. necessary]

It is not only philosophers who seeking meaning in our lives, but also astrophysicists, doctors, and many more. Only is there a meaning to our life? This is a question that has been a thousand times rehearsed, from the Presocratics to the researchers of today, and which is not answered because it is always presented under the same veil, that of the philosophical tradition, that of a history of the philosophy - certainly very important - but which does not come out of a system which, at first glance, may seem closed. Michel Meyer breaks this classic approach to reconnect with the very foundations of thought - of our thought -, of our existence and the questions associated with it. [Personal interpretation]

=Of Problematology: Philosophy, Science, Language=

Of Problemematology: Philosophy, Science and Language by Michel Meyer is the inaugural and final work of the problematological paradigm of the human sciences, culminating and substituting postmodernism, poststructuralism, phenomenology and criticism, a work in which the author questions questioning itself. He starts from the current crisis of philosophy that leads him to "constant dialogue" ^ [1] <# cite_note-Meyer_p5-1> with Plato, Aristotle, René Descartes, Martin Heidegger and Ludwig Wittgenstein, among others. This dialogue is motivated by questions which "are an integral part of that thought" which Meyer calls "problematology" and which is nothing more than the study of questioning. "[1] <# cite_note-Meyer_p5 -1>. His basic problem is, in a way, that "since Descartes, the foundation was man seen as a subject who established, by his freedom, his standards of action as his knowledge, that is to say the conditions of access to the object "^ [2]

Structure
=Principal Themes in the Theory of Questioning=

The Order of Answering and the Problematological Difference
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=Bibliography=

Books

 * Découverte et justification en science, Paris: Klincksieck, 1979.
 * Logique, langage, et argumentation, Paris: Hachette, 1982 (2nd ed, 1985). English version, From Logic to Rhetoric, Amsterdam: Benjamins, 1986.
 * Meaning and Reading. A Philosophical Essay on Language and Literature, Amsterdam: Benjamins, 1983. French version, Langage et littérature, Paris: Presses Universitaires de France (PUF), 1992. Paris: PUF Quadrige, 2001.
 * De la problèmatologie: langage, science et philosophe, Brussels: Mardaga, 1986. Paris: La Livre de Poche, 1994. Paris: PUF, 2008.
 * Science et métaphysique chez Kant,Paris: PUF, 1988. Paris: PUF Quadrige, 1995.
 * Le philosophe et les passions. Esquisse d'une histoire de la nature humaine, Paris: Hachette, Le Livre de Poche, Biblio-essais, 1991. Paris: PUF Quadrige, 2007.
 * Pour une critique de l'ontologie, Brussels: Editions de l'Université de Bruxelles, 1991. Paris: PUF Quadrige, 1999.
 * Langage et littèrature, Paris: PUF, 1992. Paris: PUF Quadrige, 2001.
 * Questions de rhètorique, Paris: Hachette, Le Livre de Poche, Biblio-essais, 1993.
 * Rhetoric, Language and Reason, University Park, Pennsylvania: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 1994.
 * De la insolence: essai sur la morale et le politique, Paris: Grasset, 1995. Paris: Hachette: Le Livre de Poche, 1998.
 * Qu'est-ce que la philosophie? Paris: Hachette, Le Livre de Poche, Biblio-essais, 1997.
 * Les passions ne sont plus ce qu'elles étaient, Brussels: Labor, 1998.
 * Histoire de la Rhètorique des Grecs à nos jours, (with Manuel Maria Carrilho and Benoît Timmermans). Paris: Hachette, Le Livre de Poche, Biblio-essais, 1999.
 * Petite métaphysique de la différence, Paris: Hachette, Le Livre de Poche, Biblio-essais, 2000. Paris: PUF Quadrige, 2008.
 * Questionnement et Historicité, Paris: PUF, 2000. English version: Questioning and Historicity. London: Bloomsbury Academic, [n.d.].
 * Le comique et le tragique. Penser le théâtre et son histoire, Paris: PUF, 2003. Paris: PUF Quadrige, 2005.
 * La rhétorique, "Que sais-je?", Paris: PUF, 2004. 2nd ed., 2008.
 * Eric-Emmanuel Schmitt ou les identités bouleversées, Paris: Albin Michel, 2004.
 * Qu'est-ce que l'argumentation? Paris: Librairie Philosophique Vrin, 2005. 2nd ed., 2008.
 * Comment penser la réalité? Paris: PUF Quadrige, 2005.
 * Rome et la naissance d'art européen, Paris: Editions Arlea, 2007.
 * Principia Rhetorica, Paris: Fayard, 2008. English Version, What Is Rhetoric? New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017.
 * Qu'est-ce que le refoulement? Paris: L'Herne, 2012.
 * Principia Moralia, Paris: Fayard, 2013.
 * Essays on the History of Philosophy Paris: Revue Internationale de Philosophie Monographs, 2018.

Edited Collections

 * L'interrogation, a volume of Langue Française, Paris: Larousse, 1981.
 * Questions and Questioning, Berlin-New York: Walter de Gruyter (Foundations of Communication Series),1986.
 * De la métaphysique à la rhétorique. Essays in memory of Chaim Perelman. Brussels: Editions de l'Université de Bruxelles, 1986. English version: From Metaphysics to Rhetoric. Trans. Robert Harvey. Norwell, Massachusetts: Kluwer Academic (Synthese Library), 1989.
 * Herman Hesse, special volume of SUD, 1987.
 * Rhétorique et littérature," volume of Langue française,'' Paris: Larousse, 1986.
 * Figures et conflits rhétoriques (with Alain Lempereur). Brussels: Editions de l'Université de Bruxelles, 1990.
 * ''La philosophie anglo-saxonne," manual of Premier cycle. Paris: PUF, 1994.
 * Questioning Derrida, London: Ashgate, 2000. New York: Routledge, 2018.
 * Perelman et le renouveau de la rhétorique, Paris: PUF, 2004.
 * Edition of Théâtre contemporain on Ibsen, Paris: Hachette (Pochotèque), 2005.

Articles in Journals and Chapters in Edited Collections

 * "La nouvelle rhétorique," Le Monde 14 June 1978.

Major Secondary Sources

 * Olivier Abel, L'ethique interrogative: Herméneutique et problématologie de notre condition langagière. Paris: PUF, 2000.

=Notes and References= =External Links=

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FaLDtz91b1c.

Simon Ager is the author of Omniglot, a website that provides information about 180 different writing systems.